Perubahan Kadar Hormon Tiroid pada Penderita Sindroma Nefrotik

Thyroid hormones levels in nephrotic syndromeBackground: Nephrotic syndrome is one of the most found kidney disease. A great part (>99%) of circulating thyroid hormones were bound to proteins, thus derangements of blood proteins in nephrotic syndrome are potential to disturb thyroid hormones levels. This study was aimed to compare thyroid hormones levels changes in childhood Nephrotic Syndrome before and after remission.Method: Thirty four nephrotic syndrome patients studied on Department of pediatric of Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang between April 1995 to June 1996 were for albumin, cholesterol, thyroid and thyroid stimulating hormone levels before and after remission and were tested with Wilcoxon signed rank test. The correlation between albumin and thyroxin levels before and after remission. were analyzed with Spearman correlation test.Results: T4 level before remission was 26.89±16.12 nmol/L, TSH 9.36±5.51 IU/ml, and after remission T4 106.63±28.02 nmol/L,TSH 1.78±1.91 μIU/mL. There were significant changes of thyroid hormones levels before and after remission (z=5.09; p=0.000). There were positive correlation between blood protein (albumin) level and thyroid hormone (T4) level in nephrotic syndrome before remission (r=0.51; p=0.000) and after remission (r=0.38; p=0.004). A great proportion of nephrotic syndrome patients, suffered from hypothyroidism and return to euthyroid after remission.Conclusions: Thyroid hormone levels changed during the course of nephrotic syndrome

A Perspective Of Automated Programming Error Feedback Approaches In Problem Solving Exercises

Programming tools are meant for student to practice programming. Automated programming error feedback will be provided for students to self-construct the knowledge through their own experience. This paper has clustered current approaches in providing automated error programming feedback to the students during problem solving exercises. These include additional syntax error messages, solution template mismatches, test data comparison, assisted agent report and collaborative comment feedback. The study is conducted based on published papers for last two decades. The trends are analyzed to get the overview of latest research contributions towards eliminating programming difficulties among students. The result shows that future direction of automated programming error feedback approaches may combine agent and collaborative feedback approaches towards more interactive, dynamic, end-user oriented and specific goal oriented. Such future direction may help other researchers fill in the gap on new ways of assisting learners to better understand feedback messages provided by automated assessment tool

Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Activity Screening for New Steroidal Schiff Bases

In the present work, two aldehyde derivatives were synthesized one from cholesterol and one from ergosterol and further condensed with three different primary amines (2-amino 6-fluoro benzathiazole, thiosemicarbazide, carbohydrazide) to yield the corresponding Schiff’s bases. The synthesized compounds were verified using spectral analysis, including IR, 1H-NMR, and GC Mass, and were tested for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. From the synthetic materials, three to four compounds showed significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.

Providing Indirect Corrective Feedback: a Technique to Reduce Errors in Students' Writing

This experimental study aims at investigating the application of Indirect Corrective Feedback (ICF) in teaching writing recount text. The subjects of the study were tenth graders of SMAN 1 Meulaboh who are chosen randomly. The instrument used is writing tests. This study focuses on giving ICF on students' recount writing in terms of grammatical features of the text. Accordingly, there are eight error aspects included in the analysis; these are verb, noun ending, spelling, word form, word order, pronoun, missing and unnecessary word. The findings indicate that Indirect Corrective Feedback helps students to reduce errors in eight aspects. It is shown from the decreased mean score of errors in the post-test ( = 12.17) which was lower than the mean score of errors in the pre-test ( = 27.07). Verb was the aspect reduced mostly in students' recount texts (56) followed by word order (18), word form (16), spelling (14), pronoun (12), noun ending (11), unnecessary word (8), and missing word (3). From t-test analysis in the post-tests of both groups, this study found that t-counted was higher than t-table (1.823 ˃ 1.68). Thus, H0 was rejected. The result confirmed that Indirect Corrective Feedback can significantly improve the students' writing achievement by the reduction of errors

PREVALENCE OF TRICHOMONIASIS IN DOMESTIC AND WILD PIGEONS AND ITS EFFECTS ON HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS

The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of trichomoniasis and its effect on some blood parameters in pigeons. A total of 100 samples from the pigeons (50 wild and 50 domestic) were collected during the months of March and April 2005. Higher prevalence (P<0.05) was recorded in wild pigeons (60%) than in domestic pigeon (26%). The overall prevalence recorded was 43%, being non significantly higher in April (56%) than in March (30%). In infected pigeons, there was significant (P<0.05) decrease in hemoglobin concentration number of monocytes packed cell volume, body weight, than healthy birds. Likewise, the values of total leukocyte count, lymphocytes and eosinophils were higher significantly (P<0.05) in infected pigeons than the healthy ones. While, no significant difference was observed for heterophils count when infected and healthy birds were compared. It was concluded that trichomonad infection is quite common in wild, as well as in domestic, pigeons under the prevailing cage system

Dufour and Soret Effects on Unsteady MHD Free Convection and Mass Transfer Flow past a Vertical Porous Plate in a Porous Medium

The Dufour and Soret effects on unsteady MHD free convection and&nbsp;mass transfer flow past an infinite vertical porous plate embedded in a porous&nbsp;medium have been studied numerically. The non-linear partial differential&nbsp;equations, governing the problem under consideration, have been transformed&nbsp;by a similarity transformation into a system of ordinary differential equations,&nbsp;which is solved numerically by applying Nachtsheim-Swigert shooting iteration&nbsp;technique together with sixth order Runge-Kutta integration scheme. The effects&nbsp;of various parameters entering into the problem have been examined on the flow&nbsp;field for a hydrogen-air mixture as a non-chemical reacting fluid pair. Finally,&nbsp;the numerical values of local Nusselt number and local Sherwood number are&nbsp;also presented in tabular form

Numerical Study of the Combined Free-Forced Convection and Mass Transfer Flow Past a Vertical Porous Plate in a Porous Medium with Heat Generation and Thermal Diffusion

The problem of combined free-forced convection and mass transfer&nbsp;flow over a vertical porous flat plate, in presence of heat generation and thermaldiffusion, is studied numerically. The non-linear partial differential equations&nbsp;and their boundary conditions, describing the problem under consideration, are&nbsp;transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations by using usual&nbsp;similarity transformations. This system is solved numerically by applying&nbsp;Nachtsheim-Swigert shooting iteration technique together with Runge-Kutta&nbsp;sixth order integration scheme. The effects of suction parameter, heat generation&nbsp;parameter and Soret number are examined on the flow field of a hydrogen-air&nbsp;mixture as a non-chemical reacting fluid pair. The analysis of the obtained&nbsp;results showed that the flow field is significantly influenced by these parameters

Modelling Temperature and Strain-Rate Dependence of Recycled Aluminium Alloy AA6061

Recycling aluminium is a topic of high interest for numerous researchers&nbsp;to cope with the high demand for usage of its primary sources, and to overcome the environmental issues at the same time. Many recycling approaches, including the optimization&nbsp;of the recycling processes have been explored. However, the behaviour of such recycled material under various&nbsp;strain rates&nbsp;and the temperatures&nbsp;is yet established. This is important before an appropriate application can be identified in&nbsp;real practice. Therefore, the works in this manuscript are conducted to characterize the deformation behaviour of recycled aluminium alloy under the&nbsp;uniaxial tensile test using experimental and numerical approaches. The deformation behaviour of the recycled aluminium alloy produced using hot press forging recycling technique is tested over a range of strain rate (×10-4&nbsp;– ×10-3&nbsp;s-1) and elevated temperature (100°C – 300°C), where a&nbsp;mild ductile and elastoplastic behaviour are observed, and further compared with the primary form of AA6061. In addition, finite element (FE) model capable of predicting the non-linear behaviour of such materials using the flow stress model of MAT_098: Simplified Johnson-Cook model of LS-DYNA&nbsp;FE code is developed. The characterisation of this constitutive model is also discussed thoroughly in this paper. The numerical results are validated against the experimental data.&nbsp;A&nbsp;good agreement between the experimental and numerical results are obtained.&nbsp;The outcome of numerical analysis is important to prove a strength model is still relevant to predict the deformation behaviour of such recycle material. Further, it showed that further manufacturing advancement is required on the experimental part since an anisotropic parameters are still unavailable, yet vital for consideration