On the formation of Dodd-Frank Act derivatives regulations

Following the 2007-2009 financial crisis, governments around the world passed laws that marked the beginning of new period of enhanced regulation of the financial industry. These laws called for a myriad of new regulations, which in the U.S. are created through the so-called notice-and-comment process. Through examining the text documents generated through this process, we study the formation of regulations to gain insight into how new regulatory regimes are implemented following major laws like the landmark Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. Due to the variety of constituent preferences and political pressures, we find evidence that the government implements rules strategically to extend the regulatory boundary by first pursuing procedural rules that establish how economic activities will be regulated, followed by specifying who is subject to the procedural requirements. Our findings together with the unique nature of the Dodd-Frank Act translate to a number of stylized facts that should guide development of formal models of the rule-making process.National Science Foundation Grant No. 163315

ЕКСПЕРТНЕ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ІЗ ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ЯКОСТІ ВХІДНИХ МЕТАЛЕВИХ ДВЕРЕЙ

The article outlines the mandatory quality requirements for manufactured and installed metal entrance shockproof doors, which should ensure the safety of life, health and property of citizens. The main technical features of these designs and their characteristics are presented. The problem of quality control is considered, since quality is a guarantee of reliability and a guarantee that doors will serve for a long time and reliably. The installation of high-quality "armored" doors will not only protect housing from unauthorized penetration, but also help to isolate the premise from the external environment; therefore in the problem of selecting entrance metal doors, an important place is occupied by the issue of heat and sound insulation. While choosing a good metal door, every detail should be taken into account. The quality of the goods and safety of the premise directly depend on all design components. The article raises such a topical issue as the establishment of quality works on manufacture, storage, transportation and mounting of entrance metal shockproof doors while performing forensic construction and technical examination. The technical characteristics of building materials that can be used in this case are presented. The authors also pointed out that it is very important to resolve disputes on this type of researches, so this is the availability of technical documentation. All data about the product should be included in this documentation up to the information on transportation and storage, since this information will much facilitate the work of experts in the future. After all, the establishment of the quality of this type of products is a fairly complex and time-consuming process. While determining the quality, all details are important, starting from the quality of the used building materials, the works on manufacturing of the door blocks, their storage and transportation conditions, and finishing the placing (mounting).Изложены обязательные требования к качеству изготовленных и установленных входных металлических противоударных дверей, которые должны обеспечивать безопасность жизни, здоровья и имущества граждан. Приведены основные технические особенности этих конструкций, их характеристики. Рассмотрена проблема проверки качества, поскольку качество это гарантия надежности и гарантия того, что двери будут служить долго и надежно. Установка качественных «бронированных» дверей не только обеспечит защиту жилья от несанкционированного проникновения, но и поможет изолировать помещение от внешней среды, а поэтому в проблеме выбора входных металлических дверей, важное место занимает вопрос тепло- и звукоизоляции. При выборе хороших металлических дверей следует учитывать каждую деталь. От всех составляющих конструкции непосредственно зависит качество товара и безопасность помещения. В статье поднимается такая насущная проблема как установление качества работ по изготовлению, хранению, транспортировке и монтажу входных металлических противоударных дверей при проведении строительно-технической экспертизы. Приводятся технические характеристики строительных материалов, которые могут быть при этом использованы. А также указано на то, что очень важно для разрешения споров по этому виду исследований, так это наличие технической документации. В нее должны быть внесены все данные об изделии, вплоть до сведений о транспортировке и хранении, поскольку эти сведения в последующем намного облегчат работу экспертов. Ведь определение качества этого вида изделий является достаточно сложным и трудоемким процессом. При определении качества важны все детали, начиная от качества применяемых строительных материалов, самих работ по изготовлению дверных блоков, их условиями хранения и транспортировки и заканчивая установкой (монтажом).Викладено обов’язкові вимоги до якості виготовлених і встановлених вхідних металевих протиударних дверей, які повинні забезпечувати безпеку життя, здоров’я та майна громадян. Наведено основні технічні особливості цих конструкцій, їх характеристики

Educational Planning in Context of Yakut, Kalmyk, and Karelian Languages

This article examines one component of language planning — educational planning. The main elements and indicators of this type of planning were identified. The authors discuss issues related to educational planning in three republics of the Russian Federation. The study was conducted based on the materials of the Kalmyk, Karelian, and Yakut languages. The aim of the research was to analyze educational planning as a set of existing opportunities for language learning. One of the objectives was to determine the scope and directions of activity in educational language planning. The second objective was to provide an overview of educational planning based on the materials of the Karelian, Kalmyk, and Yakut languages in synchrony and diachrony. The third objective was to analyze educational language planning according to our identified criteria and clarify the prestige of languages in the perception of speakers as a motivational factor for their study. To achieve this, the results of field research conducted in the three republics in 2021-2022 were analyzed. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the ethnic self-awareness of respondents is at a high level, and the symbolic significance of national languages is significant. However, there is a tendency towards a decrease in the number of individuals interested in studying their native (national) language in school education

Copyright and Digital Sovereignty

Digital transformation affects all social spheres bringing to life interactive technologies and virtual reality. Since the virtual (digital) space depends on the digital and creative solutions that form its technological base, insofar the legal regime of copying creative solutions affects both the freedom of creativity necessary for sustainable development and public control which is significant for maintaining the manageability of sovereign states and integrational unions.Aim. Improving the legal regime for the protection of interactive works to create a universal and harmonious information space where the rights of authors and the economic interests of software developers are protected, as well as digital sovereignty is guaranteed.Tasks. The concept development for legal protection of interactive works and the political and legal modeling of the digital (information) space presuppose the implementation of international agreements in the field of intellectual rights, as well as solution of several tasks to formalize the results of the creative activity that are perceived through digital technologies.Methods. Political and legal modeling of the digital space is carried out by introducing terminological certainty and creating a system of the interactive works protection. Such legal construction should provide effective public control while preserving creative freedom in digital space.Results. The protection of the copyright and moral rights of the authors of interactive works differs significantly from the legal protection of audiovisual artworks and literature. While the form of objective expression in computer programs may be similar to a literary artwork, their perception by the target audience is fundamentally different in that it models a virtual (digital) space, which the state administration seeks to control in recent years.Conclusion. The state administration’s tendency to digital sovereignty makes sense only if the target audience demonstrates high demand for interactive artworks published under the state jurisdiction. Since the information space is universal, the digital sovereignty of the state is inextricably linked with participation in integration unions that ensure the p roper quality of the results of creative work and create the digital space that is necessary under digital transformation for the interactive art development and the prosperity of creative corporations

Interstitial cystitis or bladder pain syndrome: a modern view of a problem

The review of domestic and foreign literary sources for 2002-2014 made it possible to deepen into the problem of interstitial cystitis and put together different points of view and also to systematize the store of knowledge. Interstitial cystitis is a complex disease with marked clinical manifestation and defeat of urinary bladder with varying severity. For the purpose of diagnostics and treatment optimization of the disease in point in the review they presented the criteria whose existence will make it possible to make the diagnosis of interstitial cystitis. The multifactorial etiology of the disease requires the multiplane causal and pathogenetic therapy but more often empirical and symptomatic In the article describe the algorithm of treatment of patients with the diagnosis of interstitial cystitis

The global prevalence of Huntington’s disease: a systematic review and discussion

The ascertained prevalence of Huntington's disease (HD) increased significantly following the provision of diagnostic testing. A systematic review was conducted to estimate the prevalence of HD in the post-diagnostic testing era. Twenty-two studies with original data pertaining to the prevalence of HD (1993–2015) were included and analyzed. A global meta-analysis was not performed due to heterogeneity in study methods and geographical variation. The prevalence of HD is significantly lower in Asian populations compared with western Europe, North America and Australia. The global variation in HD prevalence is partly explained by the average CAG repeat lengths and frequency of different HTT gene haplotypes in the general population. Understanding the prevalence of HD has significant implications for healthcare resource planning

СОВРЕМЕННЫЙ АССОРТИМЕНТ ГЕРБИЦИДОВ ДЛЯ ЗАЩИТЫ КАПУСТЫ БЕЛОКОЧАННОЙ

The species of pests spreading in cabbage planting are listed in the article. The recommendation for the herbicides application for cabbage protection against different pests is presented. The ways of improvement of herbicides application are shown.Перечислены виды сорных растений, засоряющие посевы и посадки капусты белокочанной. Приведены рекомендации по использованию гербицидов для защиты этой культуры от разных групп сорных растений. Показано возможное направление совершенствования ассортимента гербицидов

Tunka Advanced Instrument for cosmic rays and Gamma Astronomy

The paper is a script of a lecture given at the ISAPP-Baikal summer school in 2018. The lecture gives an overview of the Tunka Advanced Instrument for cosmic rays and Gamma Astronomy (TAIGA) facility including historical introduction, description of existing and future setups, and outreach and open data activities.Comment: Lectures given at the ISAPP-Baikal Summer School 2018: Exploring the Universe through multiple messengers, 12-21 July 2018, Bol'shie Koty, Russi

On the concentration of large deviations for fat tailed distributions, with application to financial data

Large deviations for fat tailed distributions, i.e. those that decay slower than exponential, are not only relatively likely, but they also occur in a rather peculiar way where a finite fraction of the whole sample deviation is concentrated on a single variable. The regime of large deviations is separated from the regime of typical fluctuations by a phase transition where the symmetry between the points in the sample is spontaneously broken. For stochastic processes with a fat tailed microscopic noise, this implies that while typical realizations are well described by a diffusion process with continuous sample paths, large deviation paths are typically discontinuous. For eigenvalues of random matrices with fat tailed distributed elements, a large deviation where the trace of the matrix is anomalously large concentrates on just a single eigenvalue, whereas in the thin tailed world the large deviation affects the whole distribution. These results find a natural application to finance. Since the price dynamics of financial stocks is characterized by fat tailed increments, large fluctuations of stock prices are expected to be realized by discrete jumps. Interestingly, we find that large excursions of prices are more likely realized by continuous drifts rather than by discontinuous jumps. Indeed, auto-correlations suppress the concentration of large deviations. Financial covariance matrices also exhibit an anomalously large eigenvalue, the market mode, as compared to the prediction of random matrix theory. We show that this is explained by a large deviation with excess covariance rather than by one with excess volatility.Comment: 38 pages, 12 figure