Formation of porous structures in production technology of construction materials based on building gypsum plaster

ABSTRACT: Introduction. This article presents the results of the research works on formation of building gypsum plaster porous structure with the use of recovered anhydrite raw materials and chemical additives, and describes a method for production of wall materials. The relevance of this paper is stipulated by the need to expand the range and increase the manufacture of heat-insulating and structural-heat-insulating products based on gypsum binders and local mineral raw materials, as well as the development of technologies to ensure the production of gypsum materials with improved performance. The authors proposed certain methods for forming the porous structure of building gypsum plaster and improving its performance in terms of porosity and thermal conductivity through the use of modified recovered raw materials and chemical additives of calcium chloride and sodium carbonate. Materials and methods. The study of the effect of modifying additives on the properties of the mixture was carried out using gypsum paste of normal consistency (NC = 55%). The preparation of samples and testing were performed according to the methods specified in the national standards with the use of porous additives of calcium carbonate, fluoroanhydrite and chemical additives for the rheological properties of the mixture, average density and strength of the samples, the patterns and mechanism of the processes of gypsum stone structure formation were established. Results. The application of fluoroanhydrite modified in the disintegrator with an equimolar amount of calcium carbonate leads to a decrease in the average density of the samples to 40% with evenly distributed pores. The analysis of the microstructure of heat-insulating material samples with a density of 550 kg/m3 showed that the average diameter of micropores is 0.45 mm, while the thermal conductivity of samples with complex chemical additives has the thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.25 W/m°C, which is 30% lower than the thermal conductivity of samples without complex additives. Conclusions. The results obtained create the basis for using recovery raw materials and domestic modifying additives as a pore-forming agent, which allow regulating the structure of gypsum stone in order to produce effective wall material

Expression of a Stilbene Synthase Gene from the Vitis labrusca x Vitis vinifera L. Hybrid Increases the Resistance of Transgenic Nicotiana tabacum L. Plants to Erwinia carotovora

‘Isabel’ grape (Vitis labrusca x V. vinifera L. hybrid) is one of the main grape cultivars in Russia and some other countries for processing, due to its vigor, tolerance to the main fungal diseases, high yield and potential for sugar accumulation. The stilbene synthase gene VlvSTS was isolated from the hybrid grape cv. Isabel and cloned into a pSS plant transformation vector under the control of a constitutive 35S RNA double promoter of the cauliflower mosaic virus, CaMV 35SS. VlvSTS-gene containing transgenic tobacco lines were obtained and analyzed. For the first time plants expressing the VlvSTS gene were shown to have an enhanced resistance to the bacterial pathogen Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora B15. Transgenic plants were tested for resistance to a number of fungal pathogens. The plants were resistant to the grey mould fungus Botrytis cinerea, but not to the fungi Fusarium oxysporum, F. sporotrichioides, or F. culmorum. According to the results of a high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, the amount of trans-resveratrol in leaves of transgenic plants with the highest expression of the VlvSTS gene was in a range from 150 to 170 µg/g of raw biomass. Change in the color and a decreased anthocyanin content in the flower corollas of transgenic plants were observed in transgenic lines with the highest expression of VlvSTS. A decrease in total flavonoid content was found in the flower petals but not the leaves of these tobacco lines. High expression of the VlvSTS gene influenced pollen development and seed productivity in transgenic plants. The size of pollen grains increased, while their total number per anther decreased. A decrease in the number of fertile pollen grains resulted in a decreased average weight of a seed boll in transgenic plants. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.This research was carried out within the state program of Ministry of Science and High Education of the Russian Federation (theme "Plant molecular biology and biotechnology: their cultivation, pathogen and stress protection (BIBCH)" (No. 0101-2019-0037)

Cтадійність морфологічних змін при псоріатичному артриті.

Background. Chronically progressive course of psoriatic arthritis, not the certainty of pathogenetic units, and accordingly errors in diagnosis and treatment lead to significant negative results and disability of patients. Objective is to improve the results of the diagnosis of PA by examining the morphological features of the disease. Methods. Histomorphological studies performed on tissues removed during surgery on the joints in 32 patients. The material distributed into groups depending on the severity of the clinical manifestations of the disease. Results. At the beginning of the disease and at the exudative-proliferative stage, a pattern of pronounced inflammatory process, mainly exudative, serous-fibrinous character, was noted in the capsule of the joint. The most significant changes occurred in the synovial membrane, where marked proliferation of the integumentary synovial cells, hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the synovial membrane were observed with the formation of a large number of villi and folds. At histological examination in the tissues of the joint with a dystrophic-degenerative stage there was a pronounced exudative-proliferative inflammatory process, with significant degenerative-dystrophic and fibro-sclerotic changes. Conclusion. Histological studies in patients with PA, evidence of the presence of a sharp non-specific, non-peculiar, non-peculiar, non-peculiar, non-peculiar, non-peculiar, non-peculiar, syllabic history changes. Pathological changes in the articular cartilage and subordinate epiphysis bone are manifested by significant degenerative-dystrophic and destructive manifestations.Актуальность. Хронически прогрессирующее течение псориатического артрита, не определенность патогенетических звеньев, а соответственно ошибки при диагностике и лечении приводят к существенным негативным результатам и инвалидизации пациентов. Цель: улучшить результаты диагностики ПА путем изучения морфологических признаков заболевания. Методы. Гистоморфологические исследования проводили на тканях, которые были изъяты во время оперативных вмешательств на суставах у 32 больных. Материал распределяли на группы в зависимости от тяжести клинических проявлений заболевания. Результаты. В начале заболевания и на экссудативно-пролиферативной стадии в капсуле сустава отмечалась картина выраженного воспалительного процесса, преимущественно экссудативного, серозно-фибринозного характера. Наиболее существенные изменения происходили в синовиальной оболочке, где отмечалась выраженная пролиферация покровных синовиальных клеток, гипертрофия и гиперплазия синовиальной оболочки с образованием большого количества ворсин и складок. При гистологическом исследовании в тканях сустава с дистрофически-дегенеративной стадией наблюдался выраженный экссудативно-пролиферативный воспалительный процесс, со значительными дегенеративно-дистрофическими и фиброзно-склеротическими изменениями. Заключение. Исследования свидетельствуют о наличии острого неспецифического экссудативно-пролиферативного серозно-фибриноз­ного воспалительного процесса, который поражает преимущественно синовиальную оболочку капсулы сустава с постепенным переходом в хронический, с периодическими обострениями, экссудативно-пролиферативный процесс, с выраженными дегенеративно-дистрофическими и фиброзно- склеротическими изменениями. Патологические изменения в суставном хряще и подчиненной кости эпифиза проявляются значительными дегенеративно-дистрофическими и деструктивными проявлениями.Актуальність. Хронічно прогресуючий перебіг псоріатичного артриту, не визначеність патогенетичних ланок, а відповідно помилки при діагностиці та лікуванні призводять до суттєвих негативних результатів та інвалідизації пацієнтів. Мета дослідження: покращити результати діагностики ПА шляхом вивчення морфологічних ознак захворювання. Методи дослідження. Гістоморфологічні дослідження проводили на тканинах, які були вилучені під час оперативних втручань на суглобах у 32 хворих. Матеріал розподіляли на групи в залежності від тяжкості клінічних проявів захворювання. Результати. На початку захворювання та на ексудативно-проліферативній стадії в капсулі суглоба відзначалася картина вираженого запального процесу, переважно ексудативного серозно-фібринозного характеру. Найбільш суттєві зміни відбувалися в синовіальній оболонці, де відзначалася виражена проліферація покривних синовіальних клітин, гіпертрофія і гіперплазія синовіальної оболонки з утворенням великої кількості ворсин і складок. При гістологічному досліджені в тканинах суглоба з дистрофічно-дегенеративною стадією спостерігався виражений ексудативно-проліферативний запальний процес, із значними дегенеративно-дистрофічними і фіброзно-склеротичними змінами. Підсумок. Дослідження свідчать про наявність гострого неспецифічного ексудативно-проліферативного серозно-фібринозного запального процесу, який уражає переважно синовіальну оболонку капсули суглоба з поступовим переходом в хронічний, з періодичними загостреннями, ексудативно-проліферативний процес, з вираженими дегенеративно-дистрофічними і фіброзно-склеротичними змінами. Патологічні зміни в суглобовому хрящі та підлеглій кістці епіфіза проявляються значними дегенеративно-дистрофічними та деструктивними проявами

Immunomodulating and Revascularizing Activity of Kalanchoe pinnata Synergize with Fungicide Activity of Biogenic Peptide Cecropin P1

Previously transgenic Kalanchoe pinnata plants producing an antimicrobial peptide cecropin P1 (CecP1) have been reported. Now we report biological testing K. pinnata extracts containing CecP1 as a candidate drug for treatment of wounds infected with Candida albicans. The drug constitutes the whole juice from K. pinnata leaves (not ethanol extract) sterilized with nanofiltration. A microbicide activity of CecP1 against an animal fungal pathogen in vivo was demonstrated for the first time. However, a favorable therapeutic effect of the transgenic K. pinnata extract was attributed to a synergism between the fungicide activity of CecP1 and wound healing (antiscar), revascularizing, and immunomodulating effect of natural biologically active components of K. pinnata. A commercial fungicide preparation clotrimazole eliminated C. albicans cells within infected wounds in rats with efficiency comparable to CecP1-enriched K. pinnata extract. But in contrast to K. pinnata extract, clotrimazole did not exhibit neither wound healing activity nor remodeling of the scar matrix. Taken together, our results allow assumption that CecP1-enriched K. pinnata extracts should be considered as a candidate drug for treatment of dermatomycoses, wounds infected with fungi, and bedsores

Bactericide, Immunomodulating, and Wound Healing Properties of Transgenic Kalanchoe pinnata Synergize with Antimicrobial Peptide Cecropin P1 In Vivo

Procedure of manufacturing K. pinnata water extracts containing cecropin P1 (CecP1) from the formerly described transgenic plants is established. It included incubation of leaves at +4°C for 7 days, mechanical homogenization of leaves using water as extraction solvent, and heating at +70°C for inactivating plant enzymes. Yield of CecP1 (after heating and sterilizing filtration) was 0.3% of total protein in the extract. The water extract of K. pinnata + CecP1 exhibits favorable effect on healing of wounds infected with S. aureus (equal to Cefazolin) and with a combination of S. aureus with P. aeruginosa (better than Cefazolin). Wild-type K. pinnata extract exhibited evident microbicide activity against S. aureus with P. aeruginosa but it was substantially strengthened in K. pinnata + CecP1 extract. K. pinnata extracts (both wild-type and transgenic) did not exhibit general toxicity and accelerated wound recovery. Due to immunomodulating activity, wild-type K. pinnata extract accelerated granulation of the wound bed and marginal epithelialization even better than K. pinnata + CecP1 extract. Immunomodulating and microbicide activity of K. pinnata synergizes with microbicide activity of CecP1 accelerating elimination of bacteria

Expression of a Stilbene Synthase Gene from the Vitis labrusca x Vitis vinifera L. Hybrid Increases the Resistance of Transgenic Nicotiana tabacum L. Plants to Erwinia carotovora

‘Isabel’ grape (Vitis labrusca x V. vinifera L. hybrid) is one of the main grape cultivars in Russia and some other countries for processing, due to its vigor, tolerance to the main fungal diseases, high yield and potential for sugar accumulation. The stilbene synthase gene VlvSTS was isolated from the hybrid grape cv. Isabel and cloned into a pSS plant transformation vector under the control of a constitutive 35S RNA double promoter of the cauliflower mosaic virus, CaMV 35SS. VlvSTS-gene containing transgenic tobacco lines were obtained and analyzed. For the first time plants expressing the VlvSTS gene were shown to have an enhanced resistance to the bacterial pathogen Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora B15. Transgenic plants were tested for resistance to a number of fungal pathogens. The plants were resistant to the grey mould fungus Botrytis cinerea, but not to the fungi Fusarium oxysporum, F. sporotrichioides, or F. culmorum. According to the results of a high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, the amount of trans-resveratrol in leaves of transgenic plants with the highest expression of the VlvSTS gene was in a range from 150 to 170 μg/g of raw biomass. Change in the color and a decreased anthocyanin content in the flower corollas of transgenic plants were observed in transgenic lines with the highest expression of VlvSTS. A decrease in total flavonoid content was found in the flower petals but not the leaves of these tobacco lines. High expression of the VlvSTS gene influenced pollen development and seed productivity in transgenic plants. The size of pollen grains increased, while their total number per anther decreased. A decrease in the number of fertile pollen grains resulted in a decreased average weight of a seed boll in transgenic plants