Data governance: Organizing data for trustworthy Artificial Intelligence

The rise of Big, Open and Linked Data (BOLD) enables Big Data Algorithmic Systems (BDAS) which are often based on machine learning, neural networks and other forms of Artificial Intelligence (AI). As such systems are increasingly requested to make decisions that are consequential to individuals, communities and society at large, their failures cannot be tolerated, and they are subject to stringent regulatory and ethical requirements. However, they all rely on data which is not only big, open and linked but varied, dynamic and streamed at high speeds in real-time. Managing such data is challenging. To overcome such challenges and utilize opportunities for BDAS, organizations are increasingly developing advanced data governance capabilities. This paper reviews challenges and approaches to data governance for such systems, and proposes a framework for data governance for trustworthy BDAS. The framework promotes the stewardship of data, processes and algorithms, the controlled opening of data and algorithms to enable external scrutiny, trusted information sharing within and between organizations, risk-based governance, system-level controls, and data control through shared ownership and self-sovereign identities. The framework is based on 13 design principles and is proposed incrementally, for a single organization and multiple networked organizations.NORTE-01-0145- FEDER-000037

Blockchain in supply chain management: Australian manufacturer case study

The recent explosion of interest around Blockchain and capabilities of this technology to track all types of transaction more transparently and securely motivate us to explore the possibilities Blockchain offers across the supply chain. This paper examines whether Blockchain makes a good fit for use in an Australian manufacturer supply chain. To address this, the research uses Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as a framework from the literature. Blockchain allows us to have permissioned or permission-less distributed ledgers where stakeholders can interact with each other. It details how Blockchain works and the mechanism of hash algorithms which allows for greater security of information. It also focuses on the supply chain management and looks at the intricacies of a manufacturers supply chain. We present a review of the processes in place of an electrical manufacturer and the problems faced in the supply chain. A model is proposed in using public and private Blockchains to overcome these issues. The proposed solution has the potential to bring greater transparency, validity across the supply chain, and improvement of communication between stakeholders involved. We also point out some potential issues that should be considered if adopting Blockchain.N/

Blockchain technology as infrastructure in public sector: an analytical framework

The blockchain technology has evolved beyond traditional payment solutions in the finance sector and offers a potential for transforming many sectors including the public sector. The novel integration of technology and economy that open public block-chains have brought represents both challenges to and opportunities for enhancing digital public services. So far, the public sector has lagged behind other sectors in both research and exploration of this technology, but pilot cases show that there is a great potential for reforming and even transforming public service delivery. We argue that the open blockchain technology is best understood as a possible information infrastructure, given its universal, evolving, open and transparent nature. A comparison with Internet is meaningful despite obvious differences between the two. Based on some case studies, we have developed an analytical framework for better understanding the potential benefits as well as the existing challenges when introducing blockchain technology in the public sector

Open data infrastructures

Data represents a key asset in virtually any aspect of society and economy. Open Data in particular represents a source of immense value, as social capital (Lampoltshammer & Scholz, 2017) as well as an asset for business cases. Governments and their public administrations are generating and collecting during their service a plethora of different kinds of data, as well as an enormous amount in terms of volume. To tab into the potential this data holds in terms of stimulating economy, as well as the development and enhancement of governmental service for the benefit of the public (see Fig. 6.1), a sophisticate Open Data Infrastructure is required.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Information and Communication Technolog

Using Disruptive Technologies in Government: Identification of Research and Training Needs

Part 4: AI, Data Analytics and Automated Decision MakingInternational audienceOver the past years, a number of new technologies have emerged with a potential to disrupt many spheres of the society. While public sector traditionally lacks behind business in innovation, significant changes are anticipated with the use of disruptive technologies. The implementation of the new technologies for the government service provision, along with possible benefits, need to be well thought through and challenges need to be carefully discussed, analysed and evaluated. This paper uses scenario-technique to identify research and training needs for the implementation of disruptive technologies in government services. Using the input of 58 experts from three workshops, research and training needs for the internet of things, artificial intelligence, virtual and augmented reality, as well as big data technologies have been identified. The identified needs can serve as a starting point for a broader and more informed discussion about the knowledge and skills that the researchers and practitioners of digital government need to obtain for the broad use of such new (disruptive) technologies

Evaluating blockchain risks by using a MCDM methodology based on pythagorean fuzzy sets

International Conference on Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems, INFUS 2019 -- 23 July 2019 through 25 July 2019 -- -- 228529Using blockchain technology (BT) in companies has become more common nowadays. But implementing a new BT contains many risk factors from different perspectives. Some of these risks can be critical for companies’ processes. These risks should be carefully identified and analyzed to minimize the negative effects of them. Evaluation of the risks can be considered as a multi criteria decision making (MCDM) problem. In this study, the risks that can occur when implementing BT are evaluated by using a MCDM methodology based on Pythagorean fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (PF-AHP). By using Delphi method, the risks are determined and the problem is constructed as a hierarchical form. After that, the risks are prioritized by using PF-AHP and the most important risks are obtained. The main aim of this paper is to help companies to determine which risks are more critical and to which of them should be given more priority during BT implementation. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.2-s2.0-8506948556

Blockchain technology use cases

Blockchain recently received an increasing attention from the industrial and research fields as well as a wide coverage from the media, as it enables the creation of a shared (worldwide) ledger maintained on a peer-to-peer basis, where autonomous programs (the smart contracts) can be executed. From the technological point of view, the blockchain is still far from a mainstream adoption, mainly due to scalability issues and because the interaction with it is still complex and requires technical skills. Given blockchain’s (and smart contracts’) advantages and technical limitations, it is difficult, for a company, to decide whether to invest in this technology or not, and to identify potential successful use cases. The objective of this chapter is to provide the reader with practical information to perform this choice. In particular, the chapter first provides a glossary of blockchain-related terms and then shows existing and under development use cases belonging to different sectors. Presented use cases are then discussed, to identify which sectors could benefit the most from blockchain and smart contracts, highlighting the most promising use cases in which this technology could be disrupting, and underlying the ones where advantages of relying on it are only marginal

Aligning stakeholder interests, governance requirements and blockchain design in business and government information sharing

Governance requirements for systems supporting information sharing be-tween businesses and government organisations (B&G) are determined by a high variety of stakeholders with often conflicting interests. These conflict-ing interests can hamper the introduction and scaling-up of ICT-innovations that change their roles and authorities. We address one such innovation: the introduction of blockchain technologies in the B&G context. Who can gov-ern data and the system depends on several elements of the design of a blockchain-based system, particularly the data structure, consensus mecha-nism and network topology. Design choices regarding these elements affect who can make decisions and hence we call them blockchain control points. These control points require an explicit and well-understood relationship be-tween the design decisions and the interests of stakeholders. Yet, the litera-ture on blockchain technology and governance does not offer such insight. Therefore, we developed a framework to assess the alignment between stakeholders interest and blockchain design choices. This framework consists of three views and their interrelationships, 1) a stakeholder view providing insight into the tensions between stakeholder’s interests and governance re-quirements, 2), a governance view on the rights concerning the data and the system, and 3) a blockchain control view describing how design decisions on the control points affect whether governance requirements are met and how parties can exercise their rights. Making these links explicit enables an un-derstanding of how technical design choices can trigger organizational dy-namics from the stakeholder view and vice versa. Based on the framework we formulate a research agenda concerning blockchain design choices and governance.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Organisation and GovernanceInformation and Communication Technolog