314 research outputs found
Multi-color pyrometer for materials processing in space
The design, construction and calibration of a computer-linked multicolor pyrometer is described. The device was constructed for ready adaptation to a spacecraft and for use in the control of thermal processes for manufacturing materials in space. The pyrometer actually uses only one color at a time, and is relatively insensitive to uncertainties in the heated object's emissivity because the product of the color and the temperature has been selected to be within a regime where the radiant energy emitted from the body increases very rapidly with temperature. The instrument was calibrated and shown to exceed its design goal of temperature measurements between 300 and 2000 C, and its accuracy in the face of imprecise knowledge of the hot object's emissivity was demonstrated
Intermittency in the large N-limit of a spherical shell model for turbulence
A spherical shell model for turbulence, obtained by coupling replicas of
the Gledzer, Okhitani and Yamada shell model, is considered. Conservation of
energy and of an helicity-like invariant is imposed in the inviscid limit. In
the limit this model is analytically soluble and is remarkably
similar to the random coupling model version of shell dynamics. We have studied
numerically the convergence of the scaling exponents toward the value predicted
by Kolmogorov theory (K41). We have found that the rate of convergence to the
K41 solution is linear in 1/N. The restoring of Kolmogorov law has been related
to the behaviour of the probability distribution functions of the instantaneous
scaling exponent.Comment: 10 pages, Latex, 3 Postscript figures, to be published on Europhys.
Let
Generalized scaling in fully developed turbulence
In this paper we report numerical and experimental results on the scaling
properties of the velocity turbulent fields in several flows. The limits of a
new form of scaling, named Extended Self Similarity(ESS), are discussed. We
show that, when a mean shear is absent, the self scaling exponents are
universal and they do not depend on the specific flow (3D homogeneous
turbulence, thermal convection , MHD). In contrast, ESS is not observed when a
strong shear is present. We propose a generalized version of self scaling which
extends down to the smallest resolvable scales even in cases where ESS is not
present. This new scaling is checked in several laboratory and numerical
experiment. A possible theoretical interpretation is also proposed. A synthetic
turbulent signal having most of the properties of a real one has been
generated.Comment: 25 pages, plain Latex, figures are available upon request to the
authors ([email protected], [email protected]
Turbulence and Multiscaling in the Randomly Forced Navier Stokes Equation
We present an extensive pseudospectral study of the randomly forced
Navier-Stokes equation (RFNSE) stirred by a stochastic force with zero mean and
a variance , where is the wavevector and the dimension . We present the first evidence for multiscaling of velocity structure
functions in this model for . We extract the multiscaling exponent
ratios by using extended self similarity (ESS), examine their
dependence on , and show that, if , they are in agreement with those
obtained for the deterministically forced Navier-Stokes equation (NSE). We
also show that well-defined vortex filaments, which appear clearly in studies
of the NSE, are absent in the RFNSE.Comment: 4 pages (revtex), 6 figures (postscript
Growing smooth interfaces with inhomogeneous, moving external fields: dynamical transitions, devil's staircases and self-assembled ripples
We study the steady state structure and dynamics of an interface in a pure
Ising system on a square lattice placed in an inhomogeneous external field. The
field has a profile with a fixed shape designed to stabilize a flat interface,
and is translated with velocity v_e. For small v_e, the interface is stuck to
the profile, is macroscopically smooth, and is rippled with a periodicity in
general incommensurate with the lattice parameter. For arbitrary orientations
of the profile, the local slope of the interface locks in to one of infinitely
many rational values (devil's staircase) which most closely approximates the
profile. These ``lock-in'' structures and ripples dissappear as v_e increases.
For still larger v_e the profile detaches from the interface which is now
characterized by standard Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) exponents.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, published version, minor change
Points, Walls and Loops in Resonant Oscillatory Media
In an experiment of oscillatory media, domains and walls are formed under the
parametric resonance with a frequency double the natural one. In this bi-stable
system, %phase jumps by crossing walls. a nonequilibrium transition from
Ising wall to Bloch wall consistent with prediction is confirmed
experimentally. The Bloch wall moves in the direction determined by its
chirality with a constant speed. As a new type of moving structure in
two-dimension, a traveling loop consisting of two walls and Neel points is
observed.Comment: 9 pages (revtex format) and 6 figures (PostScript
Photonic superdiffusive motion in resonance line radiation trapping - partial frequency redistribution effects
The relation between the jump length probability distribution function and
the spectral line profile in resonance atomic radiation trapping is considered
for Partial Frequency Redistribution (PFR) between absorbed and reemitted
radiation. The single line Opacity Distribution Function [M.N. Berberan-Santos
et.al. J.Chem.Phys. 125, 174308 (2006)] is generalized for PFR and used to
discuss several possible redistribution mechanisms (pure Doppler broadening,
combined natural and Doppler broadening and combined Doppler, natural and
collisional broadening). It is shown that there are two coexisting scales with
a different behavior: the small scale is controlled by the intricate PFR
details while the large scale is essentially given by the atom rest frame
redistribution asymptotic. The pure Doppler and combined natural, Doppler and
collisional broadening are characterized by both small and large scale
superdiffusive Levy flight behaviors while the combined natural and Doppler
case has an anomalous small scale behavior but a diffusive large scale
asymptotic. The common practice of assuming complete redistribution in core
radiation and frequency coherence in the wings of the spectral distribution is
incompatible with the breakdown of superdiffusion in combined natural and
Doppler broadening conditions
Elastic turbulence in curvilinear flows of polymer solutions
Following our first report (A. Groisman and V. Steinberg, \sl Nature , 53 (2000)) we present an extended account of experimental observations of
elasticity induced turbulence in three different systems: a swirling flow
between two plates, a Couette-Taylor (CT) flow between two cylinders, and a
flow in a curvilinear channel (Dean flow). All three set-ups had high ratio of
width of the region available for flow to radius of curvature of the
streamlines. The experiments were carried out with dilute solutions of high
molecular weight polyacrylamide in concentrated sugar syrups. High polymer
relaxation time and solution viscosity ensured prevalence of non-linear elastic
effects over inertial non-linearity, and development of purely elastic
instabilities at low Reynolds number (Re) in all three flows. Above the elastic
instability threshold, flows in all three systems exhibit features of developed
turbulence. Those include: (i)randomly fluctuating fluid motion excited in a
broad range of spatial and temporal scales; (ii) significant increase in the
rates of momentum and mass transfer (compared to those expected for a steady
flow with a smooth velocity profile). Phenomenology, driving mechanisms, and
parameter dependence of the elastic turbulence are compared with those of the
conventional high Re hydrodynamic turbulence in Newtonian fluids.Comment: 23 pages, 26 figure
Scaling properties in off equilibrium dynamical processes
In the present paper, we analyze the consequences of scaling hypotheses on
dynamic functions, as two times correlations . We show, under general
conditions, that must obey the following scaling behavior , where the scaling variable is
and , two
undetermined functions. The presence of a non constant exponent
signals the appearance of multiscaling properties in the dynamics.Comment: 6 pages, no figure
Finite time singularities in a class of hydrodynamic models
Models of inviscid incompressible fluid are considered, with the kinetic
energy (i.e., the Lagrangian functional) taking the form in 3D Fourier representation, where
is a constant, . Unlike the case (the usual Eulerian
hydrodynamics), a finite value of results in a finite energy for a
singular, frozen-in vortex filament. This property allows us to study the
dynamics of such filaments without the necessity of a regularization procedure
for short length scales. The linear analysis of small symmetrical deviations
from a stationary solution is performed for a pair of anti-parallel vortex
filaments and an analog of the Crow instability is found at small wave-numbers.
A local approximate Hamiltonian is obtained for the nonlinear long-scale
dynamics of this system. Self-similar solutions of the corresponding equations
are found analytically. They describe the formation of a finite time
singularity, with all length scales decreasing like ,
where is the singularity time.Comment: LaTeX, 17 pages, 3 eps figures. This version is close to the journal
pape
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