Morphological and hydrological characteristics of paleo-channels on the alluvial fan of the Maros River, Hungary

The aim of our research was to identify and map the paleo-channel systems on the alluvial fan of the Maros River and to analyse their spatial characteristics. The study on flow directions, horizontal channel parameters and paleo-discharge of the channels can help to forecast the maximum flood discharge and channel changes influenced by climate variations. The paleo-channel generations on the Maros alluvial fan form 13 zones with well defined boundaries. These zones can be either dominated by meandering (5), braided (2), or the mixture of meandering and braided patterns (3). The remaining three paleo-channel zones exhibit an anastomosing pattern but they were not analysed in this study. The horizontal morphological parameters of the braided, the meandering and the misfit channels were measured. Based on these morphometric parameters and regional discharge equations the bankfull discharge of the meandering zones was calculated. The greatest discharge was around 2655 m3/s while the smallest was 27 m3/s in case of a misfit paleo-channel. Based on the slope conditions the alluvial fan was divided into three parts. The greatest slope (31.0 cm/km) was found in the central part of the alluvial fan, whilst slightly lower slopes (23.8 cm/km and 24.9 cm/km) characterise its axial and distal parts. These parameters refer to a normal radial profile of an alluvial fan. The channel pattern changes are in close relation with differences in slope. This is the most obvious in zone No. IX, where braided channels transform into meandering and then braided again from east to west in accordance with slope conditions

A szegedi idegenforgalomban foglalkoztatottak végzettségének térbeli jellemzői

Az idegenforgalmi szektorban az emberi tényező kiemelt szerepet kap. A turizmus élőmunka-igényes szolgáltatás, amelynek minősége nagymértékben függ a turisztikai termék előállításában közreműködő személyek szaktudásától, nyelvtudásától és rátermettségétől. A szegedi turisztikai szektorban dolgozók végzettségét vizsgálva világossá vált Szegednek és Budapestnek mint képzési központoknak a jelentősége. Az ezredforduló óta megszaporodott ─ országos és regionális szinten is – az idegenforgalmi és vendéglátó főiskolai és egyetemi képzések száma. A Dél-Alföldön kialakult az az idegenforgalmi képzési öv, amely mondhatni, a szegedi egyetemi és főiskolai idegenforgalmi képzés ellenpólusait alkotó – Hódmezővásárhely, Orosháza, Békéscsaba és Gyula intézményeire épül, s szerepe fontos Szeged turizmusának humánerőforrás - utánpótlásában is

Identifying an undescribed Danckerts atlas

Összefoglalás - 1997-ben a szegedi József Attila Tudományegyetem Földrajzi Tanszékeinek Könyvtárában felbukkant egy eddig ismeretlen Danckerts atlasz. A mű pontos leírása és meghatározása során kiderült, hogy ez egy rendkívül ritka, szép és értékes, ám sajnos hiányos, a XVII. század végéről származó munka. A kutatás folyamán felszínre került tények felhívták a figyelmet arra, hogy a mértékadó nemzetközi szakirodalomban is több módosításra szoruló adat és elképzelés található. Summary-In 1997 a heretofore unknown Danckerts atlas has come to light in the Library of Geography Departments of József Attila University (Szeged, Hungary). Scrutiny for identifying the work has resulted in establishing the volume as a remnant of an extremely rare and precious work from the late 17th century. The examination has also drawn attention to the necessary modification of recently accepted notions of the international carto-bibliography concerning the producing and publishing history of the Danckerts atlases

Objective analysis and ranking of Hungarian cities, with different classification techniques : part 1 : methodology

Összefoglalás - A tanulmány célja, hogy a magyarországi városokat és megyéket környezetminőségük és környezeti tudatosságuk szintje alapján osztályozza. Ahhoz, hogy ezt a feladatot megoldjuk, kiszámítottuk a „Green Cities Index", illetve a „Green Counties Index" értékeket, melyek alapján a városokat és a megyéket 7 különböző kategória 19 környezeti indikátora segítségével rangsoroltuk. Ezt követően azt a célt tűztük ki, hogy összehasonlítsuk a különböző clusterező eljárásokat a városok és megyék osztályozásában. Az SPSS szoftver segítségével elvégzett clusteranalízis mind a városokra, mind a megyékre 6-6 homogén csoportot eredményezett. Az R-nyelv segítségével végrehajtott clusteranalízis az agnes, a fanny és a pam algoritmusok felhasználásával történt. Summary - The aim of the study was to rank and classify Hungarian cities and counties according to their environmental quality and level of environmental awareness. To accomplish this task, „Green Cities Index" and „Green Counties Index" were calculated that rank cities and counties on the basis of seven different categories of 19 environmental indicators. Furthermore, our aim was to compare different methods in classifying cities and counties. Cluster analysis using SPSS software resulted in 6 homogenous groups for both the cities and the counties. Clustering with R-language was carried out using algorithms agnes, fanny and pam

Conditions of ethnic minorities in the South Plain region

In the South Plain only a fraction of the German, the Croatian, the Serbian, the Slovakian and the Rumanian ethnical groups abode, and their ratio decreased to 1.6% of the population. However, in Szeged persons of different ethnical units settled down, discovered each other, new ethnical communities were formed, and Slovakian, Serbian, Polish, Rumanian, Russian, German, Gypsy, Vietnamese, Greek, Ukrainian, Arabian, Armenian and Latin (Spanish) associations were established. The Russian, the Vietnamese, the Arabian and the Latin are exlex minorities who have no minority rights. Their unions can work only as Hungarian ones. The Gypsy ethnical group, which consists of minorities belonging to Hungarian, Romany and Boyash mother tongue, is the greatest in numbers. Gypsy children do not receive any help for preparation before going to school, therefore such Gypsy classes pass out from school that are incapable of learning and keeping themselve

Seasonal case studies on the urban temperature cross-section

Investigations concentrated on the temporal dynamics of the urban heat island (UHI) during the night in Szeged, Hungary. Task includes the revelation of building and re-building of the UHI along an urban crosssection studying example cases by seasons and the explanation of their features using land-use and meteorological parameters. The UHI formations were rather perfect with the highest values in the city centre and a few hours after sunset However, some assimetry occurs in the isotherms because they are always shifted a bit to the eastern edge of the transect. It can be attributed to the influence of the highest built-up density of this neighbourhood. For example in the case of the summer night using normalized UHI values some interesting features in the profiles emerge. Presumably, the changes in the magnitudes of UHI in the western and eastern suburbs are caused by the cooler rural air transport (first from NW then from E-NE) according to the changed wind direction. The phenomena of the two peaks was observed in the course of the fall measurment and it can be explained only by the temporary decrease of the wind speed

Classification of the urban heat island patterns

The studied city (Szeged, Hungary) is located on a low and flat flood plain with a population of 160,000. Data were collected by mobile measurements in a grid network under different weather conditions between April 2002 and March 2003 in the time of the maximum development of the urban heat island (UHI). Tasks include: (i) Construction of isotherm maps to show the seasonal mean spatial distributions of the UHI intensity applying the standard Kriging procedure, (ii) Classification of individual temperature patterns into generalized types using normalization and cross-correlation. In the studied periods the spatial distribution of UHI intensity fields had a concentric shape with some local irregularities. As a result of the UHI pattern classification using correlation coefficients eight types of the form can be distinguished. The shifts of the forms in comparison with the regular centralized pattern are, presumably, in connection with the prevailing wind directions