Form Feedback on the Web: A Comparison of Popup Alerts and In-Form Error Messages

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Prevalence of mental distress and factors associated with symptoms of major depression among people living with HIV in Norway

For people living with HIV (PLHIV) who can access lifesaving treatment, HIV has become a chronic lifelong condition; however, PLHIV have more mental and somatic comorbidities than their HIV-negative peers. In this cross-sectional study, we assessed the prevalence of mental distress and identified factors associated with major depression among 244 well-treated PLHIV residing in Norway. Participants completed validated questionnaires covering mental and somatic health. The prevalence of mental distress, defined as a score on the Hopkins Symptom Check List-25 >1.75, was 32%, and that of symptoms of major depression, defined as a score on the Beck Depression Inventory-II ≥20, was 15%. The factors associated with major depressive symptoms identified using logistic regression were risk of drug abuse (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 15.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.28, 69.3), fatigue (AOR 12.5, 95% CI 3.90, 40.0), trouble sleeping (AOR 7.90, 95% CI 2.85, 21.9), African origin (AOR 3.90, 95% CI 1.28, 11.9), low education (AOR 3.31, 95% CI 1.18, 9.30), and non-disclosure (AOR 3.22, 95% CI 1.04, 10.0). Our findings indicate that the prevalence rates of mental distress and major depressive symptoms are higher among well-treated PLHIV residing in Norway than in the general population. These conditions are under-diagnosed and under-treated, and increased awareness is needed

Factors associated with health-related quality of life in people living with HIV in Norway

Background - Despite the advances in the treatment of HIV, people living with HIV (PLHIV) still experience impairment of health-related quality of life (HRQOL). The aim of the study was to explore factors associated with HRQOL in a well-treated Norwegian HIV population. Methods - Two hundred and forty-five patients were recruited from two outpatient clinics to participate in this cross-sectional study of addiction, mental distress, post-traumatic stress disorder, fatigue, somatic health, and HRQOL. The latter was measured using the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the adjusted associations between demographic and disease-related variables and HRQOL. Results - The study population was virologically and immunologically stable. Their mean age was 43.8 (SD = 11.7) years, 131 (54%) were men, and 33% were native Norwegians. Compared with the general population (published in previous studies), patients reported worse SF-36 scores for five of eight domains: mental health, general health, social function, physical role limitation, and emotional role limitation (all p  Conclusions - HRQOL was poorer in PLHIV than in the general population in Norway. It is important to focus on somatic and mental comorbidities when delivering health-care services in the ageing population of PLHIV to improve HRQOL even among a well-treated group of PLHIV as found in Norway

Prevalence and predictors of fatigue among people living with HIV in Norway

Fatigue is the most commonly noted symptom among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV). The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and predictors of fatigue among PLHIV in Norway. Two hundred and forty-four people were recruited from two hospitals to participate in a survey, which contained seven instruments used to investigate mental health, addiction, quality of life, and fatigue. More than a third of the participants (38.5%) suffered from fatigue. Predictors of fatigue were the presence of mental distress (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 8.98, 95%CI 3.81, 21.15), multimorbidity (AOR 5.13, 95%CI 1.40, 18.73), living alone (AOR 2.99, 95%CI 1.36, 6.56), trouble sleeping (AOR 2.67, 95%CI 1.06, 6.71), and increased body pain (AOR 1.44, 95%CI 1.25, 1.67). To improve the quality of life for many PLHIV, the continuum of HIV care must address fatigue and its predictors

Transient U-value and moisture buffering effect of solid timber elements and interaction with various HVAC strategies

A hygroscopic material has the capability to absorb and release moisture from the surrounding environment, so-called moisture buffering. Wood holds excellent hygroscopic characteristics. A combination of hygrothermal properties allows the wood to potentially save energy, thus lower the ventilation rates. The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the hygroscopic characteristics of wood and its effect when exposed to an indoor environment. Through laboratory experiments of solid timber elements and numerical simulations of a school building built in solid timber, the interaction between solid timber and the indoor environment will be investigated. The research attempt to bring answers to the following research questions: •How does thermal transmittance of solid timber vary under different indoor environments? •How does hygroscopic properties of solid timber affect the HVAC system and how the latter might be optimized

Form Feedback on the Web: A Comparison of Popup Alerts and In-Form Error Messages

The literature on form feedback mostly focuses on in-form error messages, yet popup alert messages are still prevalent on the web. This study, therefore, set out to identify the differences between popup alerts and in-form messages. A study involving n = 100 participants was designed. The results show only a small significant difference between popup alerts and in-form messages in terms of task completion time. Subjective evaluations of the two methods did not reveal any significant preference for either method