Doped two orbital chains with strong Hund's rule couplings - ferromagnetism, spin gap, singlet and triplet pairings

Different models for doping of two-orbital chains with mobile $S=1/2$ fermions and strong, ferromagnetic (FM) Hund's rule couplings stabilizing the S=1 spins are investigated by density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) methods. The competition between antiferromagnetic (AF) and FM order leads to a rich phase diagram with a narrow FM region for weak AF couplings and strongly enhanced triplet pairing correlations. Without a level difference between the orbitals, the spin gap persists upon doping, whereas gapless spin excitations are generated by interactions among itinerant polarons in the presence of a level difference. In the charge sector we find dominant singlet pairing correlations without a level difference, whereas upon the inclusion of a Coulomb repulsion between the orbitals or with a level difference, charge density wave (CDW) correlations decay slowest. The string correlation functions remain finite upon doping for all models.Comment: 9pages, 9figure

Stability of Repulsive Bose-Einstein Condensates in a Periodic Potential

The cubic nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation with repulsive nonlinearity and an elliptic function potential models a quasi-one-dimensional repulsive dilute gas Bose-Einstein condensate trapped in a standing light wave. New families of stationary solutions are presented. Some of these solutions have neither an analog in the linear Schr\"odinger equation nor in the integrable nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation. Their stability is examined using analytic and numerical methods. All trivial-phase stable solutions are deformations of the ground state of the linear Schr\"odinger equation. Our results show that a large number of condensed atoms is sufficient to form a stable, periodic condensate. Physically, this implies stability of states near the Thomas-Fermi limit.Comment: 12 pages, 17 figure

Entanglement and nonlocality in multi-particle systems

Entanglement, the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox and Bell's failure of local-hidden-variable (LHV) theories are three historically famous forms of "quantum nonlocality". We give experimental criteria for these three forms of nonlocality in multi-particle systems, with the aim of better understanding the transition from microscopic to macroscopic nonlocality. We examine the nonlocality of N separated spin J systems. First, we obtain multipartite Bell inequalities that address the correlation between spin values measured at each site, and then we review spin squeezing inequalities that address the degree of reduction in the variance of collective spins. The latter have been particularly useful as a tool for investigating entanglement in Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC). We present solutions for two topical quantum states: multi-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states, and the ground state of a two-well BEC

Exposure to aircraft and road traffic noise and associations with heart disease and stroke in six European countries: a cross-sectional study

This work was supported by the Economic and Social Research Council (grant ES/F038763/1) with additional funding from the European Network for Noise and Health (ENNAH, EU FP7 grant number 226442)

Brownian motion after Einstein and Smoluchowski: Some new applications and new experiments

The first half of this review describes the development in mathematical models of Brownian motion after Einstein’s and Smoluchowski’s seminal papers and current applications to optical tweezers. This instrument of choice among single-molecule biophysicists is also an instrument of such precision that it requires an understanding of Brownian motion beyond Einstein’s and Smoluchowski’s for its calibration, and can measure effects not present in their theories. This is illustrated with some applications, current and potential. It is also shown how addition of a controlled forced motion on the nano-scale of the thermal motion of the tweezed object can improve the calibration of the instrument in general, and make calibration possible also in complex surroundings. The second half of the present re- view, starting with Sect. 9, describes the co-evolution of biological motility models with models of Brownian motion, including recent results for how to derive cell-type-specific motility models from experimental cell trajectories

Degradation of millimolar concentration of the herbicide dalapon (2,2-Dichloropropionic Acid) by rhizobium Sp isolated from soil

The herbicide Dalapon is widely used in agricultural areas and is persistent in ground water. A Rhizobium sp. was able to grow at 0.2 mM 2,2-dichloropropionic acid (2,2DCP), which was 100-fold lower than the concentration of the substrate routinely used. Apparently, no new dehalogenases are required to allow growth on this low concentration of 2,2DCP as judged by electrophoretic mobility of dehalogenase proteins in native-PAGE analysis and protein separation by anion-exchange column chromatography. The kinetic analysis suggested that the known dehalogenases were able to act efficiently on low concentrations of haloalkanoic acids. The amount of each dehalogenase, from cells grown on low substrate concentration was different compared to that seen at 20 mM 2,2DCP due to complex regulatory controls, which respond to the growth environment

CD32+CD4+ T cells are enriched in HIV-1 DNA

Background: CD32 was reported to mark the HIV-1 reservoir harboring replication-competentproviruses, but several recent reports challenged this finding. We aimed to confirm or deny theusefulness of CD32 as a marker of the latent reservoir and to further characterize the phenotype of theseCD32+CD4+ T cells, as well as the transcriptional activity of HIV-1 residing in this reservoir.Methods: CD32 expression was measured by flow cytometry on PBMCs from ART-treated HIV-1 infectedpatients and uninfected controls. Co-expression of HLA-DR, immune checkpoint receptors (PD-1, TIGIT,LAG-3) and CD2 was measured by flow cytometry. HIV-1 DNA and unspliced RNA were quantified in bulkPBMC samples and in CD32+ and CD32- fractions of CD4+ T cells sorted with magnetic beads.Results: The median frequency of CD32+CD4+ T cells in HIV-infected individuals (n=18) was 0.07% whichwas significantly higher than in the controls (0.01%, p=0.016). We found a positive correlation betweenthe percentage of CD32+CD4+ T cells and total HIV-1 DNA load in PBMCs (rho=0.58; p=0.012).CD32+CD4+ T cells demonstrated increased expression of LAG-3 (p=0.016), TIGIT (p=0.016) and HLA-DR(p< 0.0001) compared with CD32-CD4+ T cells in HIV-infected patients. In the full sample, CD32+CD4+ Tcells were not enriched for HIV-1 DNA or RNA compared with CD32-CD4+ cells. However, in a subgroupof patients with smaller (and presumably purer) CD32+CD4+ T-cell fractions (n=9), we observed asignificant enrichment for HIV-1 DNA in this fraction (average of 6-fold, p=0.012). We thereforeoptimized our assay to isolate a purer fraction of CD32+CD4+ T cells and found a positive enrichment forHIV-1 DNA in the CD32+CD4+ fraction in all the additional patients (n=7) tested (average of 14-fold,p=0.016).Conclusions: We confirmed that CD32+CD4+ T cells are enriched for HIV-1 DNA, although the level ofenrichment was less pronounced than previously reported. Our results also highlight the importance ofgetting a sufficiently pure CD32+CD4+ T cells fraction for analysis and might explain the negative resultsobtained by others. Our data further indicate that these CD32+CD4+ T cells are activated cells, and thatthey often co-express the immune checkpoint receptors TIGIT and LAG-3.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe