Effect of grazing white clover pasture on milk composition of Holstein and Jersey cows

Because of its high saturated fatty acid (FA) content milk fat is considered hypercholesterolemic. Intake of unsaturated FA (UFA) reduces the plasma cholesterol concentrations. Especially conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) have shown positive effects on cardiovascular diseases, prevention of cancer and obesity. The aim of our project is to investigate how grazing can enhance the content of these beneficiary FA in milk. For bith types of cow races we observed no direct effect of increased grazing in the diet on the short chain FA (SCFA) content in milk, implying that the de novo synthesis of these FA remained unaffected. Regarding the content of CLA c9,t11 there was a strong positive effect on Holstein milk (R2 = 0,88), but almost none on Jersey milk when the percentage of grazing increases in the diet, thus suggesting that the mammary gland D9-desaturase acitivities of these two cow races react differently to increasing pasture grazing

Spatial Frequency Scheduling for Uplink SC-FDMA based Linearly Precoded LTE Multiuser MIMO Systems

This paper investigates the performance of the uplink single carrier (SC) frequency division multiple access (FDMA) based linearly precoded multiuser multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems with frequency domain packet scheduling. A mathematical expression of the received signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) for the studied systems is derived and a utility function based spatial frequency packet scheduling algorithms is investigated. The schedulers are shown to be able to exploit the available multiuser diversity in time, frequency and spatial domains