På tanken: Kultur som poetik

I artiklen analyserer vi en eksemplarisk case for at belyse generelle forhold ved hverdagslige interaktioner. I vort tilfælde drejer det sig om de læringsmæssige effekter, som afvigelsen fra et opøvet interaktionsmønster skaber. Det forhold, at afvigelsen kan danne grundlag for nye måder at ’gøre’ interaktionen på – det er ’kultur’. Kultur er noget, der ’hænder’ på grund af faktiske interaktioner i konkrete situationer. Vi illustrerer dette kulturbegreb ved at analysere en kort interaktion, som udspandt sig på en tankstation nogle år tilbage. Vi vil prøve at vise, hvordan den ene deltagers (nemlig kundens) forventninger er rodfæstet i tidligere erfaringer, hvordan interaktionens forløb skuffede disse forventninger, hvorledes dette bevirkede, at situationen måtte omdefineres, hvorledes dette påvirkede deltagerens selvbillede og hvad det kan betyde for deltagerens fremtidige bidrag til lignende interaktioner i form af justerede erfaringer. I situationen skete der nærmest intet, men alligevel hændte der tilstrækkeligt til, at også denne interaktion – uventet og utilsigtet – førte til ’kulturarbejde’. Kultur er nemlig noget, ’der gøres’: dette ’noget’ er pragmatisk – og som sådan poetisk og performativt

Episodic accretion: the interplay of infall and disc instabilities

Using zoom-simulations carried out with the adaptive mesh-refinement code RAMSES with a dynamic range of up to $2^{27} \approx 1.34 \times 10^8$ we investigate the accretion profiles around six stars embedded in different environments inside a (40 pc)$^3$ giant molecular cloud, the role of mass infall and disc instabilities on the accretion profile, and thus on the luminosity of the forming protostar. Our results show that the environment in which the protostar is embedded determines the overall accretion profile of the protostar. Infall on to the circumstellar disc may trigger gravitational disc instabilities in the disc at distances of around ~10 to ~50 au leading to rapid transport of angular momentum and strong accretion bursts. These bursts typically last for about ~10 to a ~100 yr, consistent with typical orbital times at the location of the instability, and enhance the luminosity of the protostar. Calculations with the stellar evolution code mesa show that the accretion bursts induce significant changes in the protostellar proper- ties, such as the stellar temperature and radius. We apply the obtained protostellar properties to produce synthetic observables with RADMC3D and predict that accretion bursts lead to ob- servable enhancements around 20 to 200 $\mu$m in the spectral energy distribution of Class 0 type young stellar objects.Comment: 17 pages, 14 figures, accepted by MNRA

Protostellar accretion traced with chemistry: Comparing synthetic C18O maps of embedded protostars to real observations

Context: Understanding how protostars accrete their mass is a central question of star formation. One aspect of this is trying to understand whether the time evolution of accretion rates in deeply embedded objects is best characterised by a smooth decline from early to late stages or by intermittent bursts of high accretion. Aims: We create synthetic observations of deeply embedded protostars in a large numerical simulation of a molecular cloud, which are compared directly to real observations. The goal is to compare episodic accretion events in the simulation to observations and to test the methodology used for analysing the observations. Methods: Simple freeze-out and sublimation chemistry is added to the simulation, and synthetic C$^{18}$O line cubes are created for a large number of simulated protostars. The spatial extent of C$^{18}$O is measured for the simulated protostars and compared directly to a sample of 16 deeply embedded protostars observed with the Submillimeter Array. If CO is distributed over a larger area than predicted based on the protostellar luminosity, it may indicate that the luminosity has been higher in the past and that CO is still in the process of refreezing. Results: Approximately 1% of the protostars in the simulation show extended C$^{18}$O emission, as opposed to approximately 50% in the observations, indicating that the magnitude and frequency of episodic accretion events in the simulation is too low relative to observations. The protostellar accretion rates in the simulation are primarily modulated by infall from the larger scales of the molecular cloud, and do not include any disk physics. The discrepancy between simulation and observations is taken as support for the necessity of disks, even in deeply embedded objects, to produce episodic accretion events of sufficient frequency and amplitude.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A, 11 pages, 8 figures; v2 contains minor updates to the languag

Competing discourses as barriers to change in rehabilitation nursing:a discourse analysis

Introduction: The power of action research to create change by anchoring research results in practice was challenged in an action research project at a specialized rehabilitation unit for persons with acquired spinal cord injury. Despite the co-researchers' new insights, approaches, and actions supporting patient participation, it was not possible to change the basic conditions for the practicing of nursing. We aimed to raise awareness of the mechanisms that govern barriers by exploring these barriers as experienced by nurses in their effort to change their practice to improve patient participation.Method: We used Fairclough's critical discourse analysis drawing on Foucault's practical systems; ethics (identity, relation to oneself), power (action, relation to others), and knowledge (representation, aspects of the world), which he combines with discourse-analytical concepts.Results: Our discourse analysis of the empirical data at micro-level uncovers the nature of barriers to change in practice. In addition, our analysis at macro-level unveils how these practices are embedded in larger historical, societal, and institutional discourses. This identified two current discourses: a biomedical discourse and a biopsychosocial discourse. In the light of these two discourses, the nurses at micro-level saw themselves as strong agents for the best rehabilitation by acting in accordance with the biopsychosocial discourse. But they were unable to find the time and space to do so due to tasks, structures, and practices specified by an organization dominated by the biomedical discourse.Introduction: The power of action research to create change by anchoring research results in practice was challenged in an action research project at a specialized rehabilitation unit for persons with acquired spinal cord injury. Despite the co-researchers' new insights, approaches, and actions supporting patient participation, it was not possible to change the basic conditions for the practicing of nursing. We aimed to raise awareness of the mechanisms that govern barriers by exploring these barriers as experienced by nurses in their effort to change their practice to improve patient participation.Method: We used Fairclough's critical discourse analysis drawing on Foucault's practical systems; ethics (identity, relation to oneself), power (action, relation to others), and knowledge (representation, aspects of the world), which he combines with discourse-analytical concepts.Results: Our discourse analysis of the empirical data at micro-level uncovers the nature of barriers to change in practice. In addition, our analysis at macro-level unveils how these practices are embedded in larger historical, societal, and institutional discourses. This identified two current discourses: a biomedical discourse and a biopsychosocial discourse. In the light of these two discourses, the nurses at micro-level saw themselves as strong agents for the best rehabilitation by acting in accordance with the biopsychosocial discourse. But they were unable to find the time and space to do so due to tasks, structures, and practices specified by an organization dominated by the biomedical discourse

Employer branding

Søren Frimann and Bolette Rye Mønsted Employer branding. Employer branding has become a way that both private enterprises and the public sector meet changing conditions of the labour market and organizatorical challenges in a postmodern and globalized world. The present financial crisis has created new challenges to organizations in their efforts to attract and hold attractive employees. But what does it mean when Grundfos say "People are in focus", and what does "diversity" mean when it is applied to the Municipality of Copenhagen as a workplace in relation to employer branding? Is there actually a connection between the thoughts about employer branding and the externally communicated employer brand products? Or is the unique identity of the workplace substituted by buzz words without any substance without including employees and stakeholders? The aim of the article is to evaluate these questions against a background of analyses of two cases with employer branding