New CagL amino acid polymorphism patterns of helicobacter pylori in peptic ulcer and non-ulcer dyspepsia

Background and Objectives: Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with chronic gastritis, ulcers, and gastric cancer. The H. pylori Type 4 secretion system (T4SS) translocates the CagA protein into host cells and plays an essential role in initiating gastric carcinogenesis. The CagL protein is a component of the T4SS. CagL amino acid polymorphisms are correlated with clinical outcomes. We aimed to study the association between CagL amino acid polymorphisms and peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD). Materials and Methods: A total of 99 patients (PUD, 46; NUD, 53) were enrolled and screened for H. pylori by qPCR from antrum biopsy samples. The amino acid polymorphisms of CagL were analyzed using DNA sequencing, followed by the MAFFT sequence alignment program to match the amino acid sequences. Results: Antrum biopsy samples from 70 out of 99 (70.7%) patients were found to be H. pylori DNA-positive. A positive band for cagL was detected in 42 out of 70 samples (PUD, 23; NUD, 19), and following this, these 42 samples were sequenced. In total, 27 different polymorphisms were determined. We determined three CagL amino acid polymorphism combinations, which were determined to be associated with PUD and NUD. Pattern 1 (K35/N122/V134/T175/R194/E210) was only detected in PUD patient samples and was related to a 1.35-fold risk (p = 0.02). Patterns 2 (V41/I134) and 3 (V41/K122/A171/I174) were found only in NUD patient samples and were linked to a 1.26-fold increased risk (p = 0.03). Conclusions: We observed three new patterns associated with PUD and NUD. Pattern 1 is related to PUD, and the other two patterns (Patterns 2 and 3) are related to NUD. The patterns that we identified include the remote polymorphisms of the CagL protein, which is a new approach. These patterns may help to understand the course of H. pylori infection.Istanbul Aydin University Scientific Research Projects Uni

QUALITY OF LIFE AND THE FACTORS AFFECTING IT AMONG PEOPLE AGED 75 YEARS AND OVER LIVING IN A HEALTH CENTER REGION IN IZMIR

Esentepe Sağlık Ocağı Bölgesi\'nde yaşayan 75 yaş ve üzerindeki yaşlıların yaşamkalitesini ve etkileyen etmenleri belirlemektir.Gereç ve yöntem: Kesitsel tipteki çalışma Ekim 2006-Mayıs 2007 tarihleri arasındaİzmir Esentepe Sağlık Ocağı Bölgesi\'nde gerçekleştirildi. Araştırma evreni bu bölgedeyaşayan 75 yaş ve üzeri 851 kişiydi. Standart sapma 46, ± 5 hata, %95 güvendüzeyinde 235 kişi, sistematik örneklemeyle belirlendi. Araştırmanın bağımlı değişkeniyaşam kalitesi, bağımsız değişkenleri sosyo-demografik özellikler, sosyal destek, depresyon,günlük yaşam etkinlikleri bağımlılık durumuydu. Yaşam kalitesi için SF 12,günlük yaşam etkinlikleri için Barthel İndeksi, depresyon için Geriatrik DepresyonÖlçeğinin kısa formu kullanıldı. Veri yüz-yüze görüşme tekniğiyle toplandı, bağımsızgruplarda t testi, Mann-Whitney U Testi ve çoklu regresyon ile çözümlendi.Bulgular: Araştırma grubunun yaş ortalaması 79,1 ± 4,3 (75-98), %58,9\'u kadın, %51,4\'ü evli, %45,9\'u ilkokul mezunuydu. %92,5\'inin sağlık güvencesi vardı. Yaşlıların %24,7\'sinin GYE\'de bağımlı olduğu ve %24,0\'ında depresyon varlığı saptandı.İki değişkenli analizlerde Fiziksel Bileşen Özet Skor (FBÖS) ve Ussal Bileşen ÖzetSkor (UBÖS) kadınlarda anlamlı olarak daha düşükken ortaokul veya üstü eğitimlilerde,geliri giderine eşit veya fazla olanlarda anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti. Bastonkullananlarda hem FBÖS hem de UBÖS daha düşüktü (p<0,05). FBÖS evlilerde vesağlık güvencesi olanlarda daha yüksekken kronik hastalığı olanlarda daha düşüktü(p<0,05). FBÖS ve UBÖS, depresyon ve GYE\'de bağımlılık saptananlarda anlamlıolarak daha düşüktü. Çoklu regresyon analizi sonucunda cinsiyet, baston kullanımı,bağımlılık puanı ve kronik hastalık sayısı ile FBÖS, bağımlılık ve depresyon puanı ileUBÖS arasında anlamlı ilişki olduğu saptandı.Sonuç: Yaşlılarda bağımlılık, kronik hastalık, depresyon varlığı, baston kullanımı vecinsiyet yaşam kalitesi için önemli risk etmenleri olarak bulunmuştur. Risk grupları gözönünde bulundurularak yaşlı nüfusun YK\'lerini arttırmak önemli sağlık hedeflerindenolmalıdır.Objective: The aim of the study is to define the quality of life (QoL) and the factorsaffecting it in elderly people over 75 years living in Izmir Esentepe Health CenterRegion.Material and method: The cross-sectional study was conducted during October2006 and May 2007 in Izmir Esentepe Health Center Region. The study population ofthe research consisted of 851 elderly people of 75 years of age or over living in thisregion. Twohundredthirtyfive people were determined by systematic sampling, with astandard deviation of 46, ±5 error, and 95% confidence level. The dependent variableof the study was QoL, the independent variables were socio-demographic characteristics,social support, depression, and dependency on activity of daily living (ADL). TheSF-12 was used for QoL assessment, Barthel Index for ADL, and the short form ofGeriatric Depression Scale for depression assessment. The data were collected byface to face interviews and analyzed by t test, Mann-Whitney U test and multipleregression analysis.Results: The average age was 79.1 ± 4.3 (75-98), with a female proportion of 58.9%,51.4% of the study population were married, 45.9% of them primary school graduates,and 92.5% had health insurance. It was determined that 24.7% of the elderly peoplewere dependent on GYE and 24.0% of them had depression.In univariate analyses, Mental Component Summary Score (MCSS) and PhysicalComponent Summary Score (PCSS) were significantly lower in women, althoughMCSS and PCSS were significantly higher in elderly people with middle school orhigher education, in those with spending equal to income or more income thanspending. In the elderly people using the stick, both MCSS and PCSS were lower(p<0.05). MCSS were higher in married people and in the ones with health insurancealthough in the ones with a chronic disease were lower (p<0.05). MCSS and PCSSwere significantly lower in those with depression or dependency to ADL. At the end ofmultiple regression analysis, significant relations were found between sex, dependencyscore, number of chronic diseases and using stick and MCSS and betweendependency, depression score and PCSS.Conclusion: The presence of dependency, chronic disease, and depression, usingstick and gender were found as significant risk factors for QoL. Taking risk groups intoconsideration, improving the QoL\'s of the elderly population should be one of theimportant health goals

Large-scale cis- and trans-eQTL analyses identify thousands of genetic loci and polygenic scores that regulate blood gene expression

Trait-associated genetic variants affect complex phenotypes primarily via regulatory mechanisms on the transcriptome. To investigate the genetics of gene expression, we performed cis- and trans-expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analyses using blood-derived expression from 31,684 individuals through the eQTLGen Consortium. We detected cis-eQTL for 88% of genes, and these were replicable in numerous tissues. Distal trans-eQTL (detected for 37% of 10,317 trait-associated variants tested) showed lower replication rates, partially due to low replication power and confounding by cell type composition. However, replication analyses in single-cell RNA-seq data prioritized intracellular trans-eQTL. Trans-eQTL exerted their effects via several mechanisms, primarily through regulation by transcription factors. Expression of 13% of the genes correlated with polygenic scores for 1,263 phenotypes, pinpointing potential drivers for those traits. In summary, this work represents a large eQTL resource, and its results serve as a starting point for in-depth interpretation of complex phenotypes

Türkiye sularındaki küçük deniz memelilerin genetiği üzerine bir ön çalışma

Tez çalışması kapsamında Karadeniz muturlarının popülasyon genetik yapısı, yapılan yeni bir genetik çalışma ve literatür kayıtlarına dayanarak araştırılmıştır. Ayrıca şişeburunlu ve çizgili yunus örneklerinin mitokondriyal DNA nükleotid dizileri literatürdeki kayıtlar ile karşılaştırılmıştır._x000B_Çalışmada mitokondriyal DNA nükleotid dizilerinin 16S rDNA, COI ve Dloop bölgelerindeki varyasyonlar incelenerek, Karadeniz mutur popülasyonunun filogenetik yapısı ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Filogenetik yapı maksimum parsimoni, maksimum benzerlik ve bayesian çıkarım metodları kullanılarak incelenmiştir._x000B_Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre Karadeniz ve Ege örnekleri, aynı türün diğer okyanuslarda yaşayan popülasyonlarından genetik olarak farklılaşmıştır . Dloop için yapılan maksimum parsimoni ve maksimum benzerlik analizlerine göre, Türkiye'nin Batı Karadeniz bölgesinde, Karaburun, Rumeli Feneri ve İğneada kıyılarından bazı örnekleri kapsayan bir grubun diğer örneklerden genetik olarak farklılaştığı bulunmuştur. Ancak aynı bölgeye ait örneklerin hepsi aynı şekilde, tek bir filogenetik grup içerisinde toplanmadığından farklı altpopulasyon yapılarından söz etmek mümkün olmamıştır. COI gen bölgesi sonuçlarına göre Karadeniz içinde anlamlı bir farklılaşma gözlemlenmemiştir. In this study Black Sea harbour porpoise?s population genetic structure was investigated based on a new genetic study carried out and incorporating published records. Also collected bottlenose dolphin and striped dolphin samples? mitochondrial DNA nucleotide sequences were compared with the published sequences._x000B_The present study is aimed at examining the phylogenetic structure of the Black Sea harbour porpoise population, focusing on the variations of nucleotide sequences in the mitochondrial DNA, namely 16S rDNA, COI and Dloop. Phylogenetic structure was determined using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and bayesian inference methods._x000B_The results show that the Black Sea and the Aegean Sea samples genetically differed from other populations of the same species in different oceans. Consensus trees given by both maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood for Dloop sequences showed a distinct group formation. This genetically distinct group had samples from West Black Sea Coasts of Turkey including sampling areas Karaburun, Rumeli Feneri and İğneada. But because not all of the samples from the same location were found together in certain phylogenetic groups, it was not possible talk about distinct subpopulation formations. COI results revealed that the Black Sea samples were not significantly different from each other

Can individual tracking systems be used for conservation of wild dolphin populations in behalf of live captures in Turkish waters?

In this study, we argue that all the dolphinariums should be controlled regularly by certain state, civil societies or universities. Individual specific controlling systems should be developed, in order to prevent possible contraband catching in Turkey. If the animals in captivity could track individually, their life stories can be followed and this will give us chance to display their welfare. New regulations on standards may prevent to open new poor facilities which endanger the captive animal's health. © Biharean Biologist, Oradea, Romania, 2012

Heinrich Schliemanns Ausgrabungen in Troia nach osmanischen Quellen

Über Heinrich Schliemanns Ausgrabungen in Troia seit 1870 wurde bereits viel geschrieben. Zwei Hauptrichtungen lassen sich erkennen: Über Schliemanns Arbeit wird von außen in Kommentaren oder Erinnerungen berichtet. Zudem gibt eine nahezu unüberblickbare Masse von Aufzeichnungen Schliemanns in Form von Publikationen, Tagebüchern und Briefen. Die Dokumente Schliemanns vermitteln ein einseitiges Bild der damaligen osmanischen Zustände und Begebenheiten. Bis heute sind nur sehr wenige osmanische Dokumente veröffentlicht oder bekannt geworden, die dieses Bild korrigieren und ergänzen könnten. Was haben eigentlich die osmanischen Behörden über die Vorgänge in Troia gewußt und wie gingen sie mit diesem Wissen um? Erst kürzlich wurden in den Archiven wichtige Dokumente zu diesen Fragen entdeckt und sollen hier erstmals vorgestellt werden.Much has already been written about Heinrich Schliemann‘s excavations in Troia since 1870. Two main themes are apparent: biographical accounts in commentaries and memoirs of Schliemann’s work and an overwhelming dossier of Schliemann’s own publications, diaries, and letters. These Schliemann documents provide a one-sided picture of the conditions and events of his day. Until today, only very few known or published Ottoman documents are able to correct or supplement this picture. What did Ottoman authorities know about the procedures in Troia, and what did they do with this knowledge? Recent discoveries in archives that address these questions are introduced here for the first time