Estudos químicos e biológicos de Microgramma vacciniifolia (Langsd. & Fisch.) Copel (Polypodiaceae)

Chemical studies with aerial parts of Microgramma vacciniifolia (Langsd. & Fisch.) Copel. afforded ²-sitosterol, hopan-22-ol, 6-metoxiapinenin-7-O-²-D-allopyranoside and a mixture containing ethyl esters of carboxilic acids. The structures of the coumpounds were elucidated by spectroscopy and GC-MS analysis. The total phenolics contents of the crude extract and fractions were determined by Folin-Ciocalteau method. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The AcOEt fraction showed better activity in DPPH assay (9.9 ± 0.03 µg/mL), and presented also higher contents of the total phenolic (93.60 ± 1.11 µg/mg). Antimicrobial and allelopathic effects of the crude etanolic extract and fractions also were evaluated. In addition, the combination of biological activities was discussed

Composição química e atividade alelopática do óleo volátil de Hydrocotyle bonariensis Lam (araliaceae)

The volatile oil obtained from the leaves of Hydrocotyle bonariensis Lam (Araliaceae) was analyzed by GC, Chiral-GC and GC-MS. It was identified 14 compounds and the monoterpene (+)-limonene (53.6%) and sesquiterpene γ-muurolene (10.5%) were the main components. The allelopathic effects of the oil were evaluated against two seeds, Lactuca sativa and Allium cepa. The results show that the oil exhibited inhibition effects in the germination and seedling growth of plants species relative to the control

Evaluation of seasonal changes in chemical composition and antibacterial activity of Elyonurus muticus (sprengel) O. Kuntze (Gramineae)

Aerial parts of Elyonurus muticus were collected in the four seasons of the year in the Brazilian Pantanal and subjected to extractrion with cold ethanol and to hydrodistillation. Sesquiterpenoids (E)-caryophyllene, bicyclogermacrene, spathulenol and caryophyllene oxide were the main components identified in the essential oils and their concentrations varied according to the plant collection period. The essential oils and the ethanolic crude extracts were active against Bacillus cereus MIP 96016, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and were not active against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. The antibacterial activities varied according to the plant collection period.370373Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Distribuição espaço-temporal da mortalidade por malformações congênitas e causas mal definidas, em estados da região centro-sul do Brasil Space and time distribution of malformation and uncertain causes of death in the Brazilian states of the center-south region

A investigação da distribuição espacial da mortalidade por malformações congênitas pode ser útil em programas de vigilância ambiental em saúde. Foram analisados os padrões espaço-temporais da mortalidade por malformações congênitas e causas mal definidas em Estados brasileiros (MS, MT, GO, MG, SP, PR, SC e RS) e no Distrito Federal, no período de 2000 a 2004. Os valores observados foram obtidos do Sistema de Informações de Mortalidade (SIM) do Ministério da Saúde. Foi utilizado um modelo bayesiano que rende interação espaço-temporal. Muitas microrregiões com baixas taxas para malformações congênitas tiveram valores elevados para causas mal definidas, sendo que os óbitos por causas mal definidas prejudicam a identificação de microrregiões com taxas de mortalidade por malformações congênitas acima do esperado, indicativas da existência de fatores ambientais de risco para estas doenças.<br>The investigation of the spacial distribution of deaths caused by malformations could be useful in environmental health vigilance programs. Patterns of deaths by malformations and uncertain causes in Brazilian States (MS, MT, GO, MG, SP, PR, SC e RS) and Distrito Federal were studied, from 2000 to 2004.The observed values were obtained from the Brazilian Ministry of Health Mortality Information System (SIM). A Bayesian model that allowed for space-time interaction was applied. Many micro-regions having low rates for deaths by malformations presented high values for the deaths by uncertain causes, and the deaths by uncertain causes prejudice the identification of the micro-regions having rates of death by malformations higher than the expected, indicative of the existence of risk factors for those illnesses, present in the environment