Novel CO2 capture membranes based on polymerized ionic liquids and polymeric porous supports

Highly CO2 selective membranes and innovative process designs for CO2 capture can compete with absorption due to relatively low energy consumption and small foot print. In this paper, novel materials poly(ionic liquids) (PILs) are combined with membrane separation for CO2 capture. Poly(ionic liquid)s are solid polymers derived from ionic liquids (ILs) that share many of their physical and chemical properties. For a variety of ILs and PILs, the CO2 sorption is significantly higher than either CH4 or N2 due to Lewis acid-base interactions between the CO2 and nitrogen-containing groups [1]. Our research is focused on developing composite thin film membranes (TFC) of PILs on porous polymeric supports and characterization of these. The membranes are produced and tested by SINTEF, Norway, using the PILs developed by IK4-CIDETEC, Spain, and Solvionic, France. Various families of PILs were synthesized: poly(diallyldimethylammonium) with a hydrophilic acetate anion, poly(vinylbenzylchloride) derived PILs having lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide as anion or formulations containing a PIL, an ionic liquid and Zn+2 additives. Commercially available porous supports such as polysulfone (PSf) and fluoro polymers with different porosities and pore sizes are screened in the membrane fabrication. A novel coating procedure utilizing automated ultrasonic spray coating equipment is optimized for each pair of dense, CO2 selective layer (PIL) – porous polymeric support material by using different solvents, viscosities of solution and drying protocols. We obtained defect free coatings of 0.4 to 10 micron thickness. Variations in thickness were observed due to pore penetration. The prepared membranes are characterized by contact angle measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mixed gas permeation (synthetic flue gas: 15% CO2 in N2-water vapors) using a state of the art gas permeation rig designed and constructed at SINTEF. The effect of gas relative humidity, feed pressure and operating temperature on membrane separation performances is investigated and will be reported. The gas permeation results indicate that the choice of support has significant influence on the CO2 permeance/permeability, while the selectivity remained unchanged. The selectivity is hence, mainly controlled by the properties of CO2 selective PILs top layer and not by the supports. References 1) Melinda L. Jue, Ryan P. Lively, Review -Targeted gas separations through polymer membrane functionalization, Reactive & Functional Polymers 86 (2015) 88–110

Capacitive energy storage from -50 to 100 °C using an ionic liquid electrolyte

Relying on redox reactions, most batteries are limited in their ability to operate at very low or very high temperatures. While performance of electrochemical capacitors is less dependent on the temperature, present-day devices still cannot cover the entire range needed for automotive and electronics applications under a variety of environmental conditions. We show that the right combination of the exohedral nanostructured carbon (nanotubes and onions) electrode and a eutectic mixture of ionic liquids can dramatically extend the temperature range of electrical energy storage, thus defying the conventional wisdom that ionic liquids can only be used as electrolytes above room temperature. We demonstrate electrical double layer capacitors able to operate from -50 to 100 °C over a wide voltage window (up to 3.7 V) and at very high charge/discharge rates of up to 20 V/s

31st Annual Meeting and Associated Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2016) : part two

Background The immunological escape of tumors represents one of the main ob- stacles to the treatment of malignancies. The blockade of PD-1 or CTLA-4 receptors represented a milestone in the history of immunotherapy. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors seem to be effective in specific cohorts of patients. It has been proposed that their efficacy relies on the presence of an immunological response. Thus, we hypothesized that disruption of the PD-L1/PD-1 axis would synergize with our oncolytic vaccine platform PeptiCRAd. Methods We used murine B16OVA in vivo tumor models and flow cytometry analysis to investigate the immunological background. Results First, we found that high-burden B16OVA tumors were refractory to combination immunotherapy. However, with a more aggressive schedule, tumors with a lower burden were more susceptible to the combination of PeptiCRAd and PD-L1 blockade. The therapy signifi- cantly increased the median survival of mice (Fig. 7). Interestingly, the reduced growth of contralaterally injected B16F10 cells sug- gested the presence of a long lasting immunological memory also against non-targeted antigens. Concerning the functional state of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), we found that all the immune therapies would enhance the percentage of activated (PD-1pos TIM- 3neg) T lymphocytes and reduce the amount of exhausted (PD-1pos TIM-3pos) cells compared to placebo. As expected, we found that PeptiCRAd monotherapy could increase the number of antigen spe- cific CD8+ T cells compared to other treatments. However, only the combination with PD-L1 blockade could significantly increase the ra- tio between activated and exhausted pentamer positive cells (p= 0.0058), suggesting that by disrupting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis we could decrease the amount of dysfunctional antigen specific T cells. We ob- served that the anatomical location deeply influenced the state of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. In fact, TIM-3 expression was in- creased by 2 fold on TILs compared to splenic and lymphoid T cells. In the CD8+ compartment, the expression of PD-1 on the surface seemed to be restricted to the tumor micro-environment, while CD4 + T cells had a high expression of PD-1 also in lymphoid organs. Interestingly, we found that the levels of PD-1 were significantly higher on CD8+ T cells than on CD4+ T cells into the tumor micro- environment (p < 0.0001). Conclusions In conclusion, we demonstrated that the efficacy of immune check- point inhibitors might be strongly enhanced by their combination with cancer vaccines. PeptiCRAd was able to increase the number of antigen-specific T cells and PD-L1 blockade prevented their exhaus- tion, resulting in long-lasting immunological memory and increased median survival

Etude de la faisabilité de condensateurs électrochimiques couplant des mécanismes de types capacitif et faradique

VERSAILLES-BU Sciences et IUT (786462101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Formulation d'électrolytes à base de liquides ioniques pour les applications de supercondensateurs

TOULOUSE3-BU Sciences (315552104) / SudocSudocFranceF

Solder-reflow resistant solid-state micro-supercapacitors based on ionogels

International audienc

Colloidal Dispersions of Oxide Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquids: Elucidating the Key Parameters

This work presents a novel and comprehensive approach to predict and understand the stabilisation mechanisms of dispersions of nanoparticles in ionic liquids which is at present unpredictable. This opens up applications with new materials combining the properties of both nanoparticles and ionic liquids.</p

Lithium Metal Protection by a Cross-Linked Polymer Ionic Liquid and Its Application in Lithium Battery

Lithium (Li) metal has been considered as an important anode candidate to reach more powerful energy storage devices with higher gravimetric and volumetric capacities. Nevertheless, the growth of high surface area lithium (HSAL) and dendrites during the stripping/deposition of Li causes safety concerns and a low cycle life of Li metal batteries. Here, we report the obtained results for protection of metallic lithium surface by using a gel polymer ionic liquid cross-linked by activation with UV radiation (UV-PIL). The UV-PIL protects Li against the constant degradation caused by the formation of unstable lithium metal-electrolyte interphase and cell dry out due to continuous electrolyte consumption. We observed retarded growth of dendrites when lithium metal was protected with UV-PIL, and due to the lower ionic conductivity of UV-PIL, some differences of mass transport are present compared to carbonate-based liquid electrolyte. Nevertheless, the UV-PIL@Li negative electrode was successfully applied in a Li-ion battery with a lithium iron phosphate (LFP) positive electrode, showing similar behavior compared to the bare Li surface.Fil: Calderon, Cecilia Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola; ArgentinaFil: Vizintin, Alen. National Institute of Chemistry; EsloveniaFil: Bobnar, Jernej. National Institute of Chemistry; EsloveniaFil: Barraco Diaz, Daniel Eugenio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola; ArgentinaFil: Leiva, Ezequiel Pedro M.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Visintin, Arnaldo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas; ArgentinaFil: Fantini, Sébastien. Solvionic; FranciaFil: Fischer, Florent. SAFT Research & Technology; FranciaFil: Dominko, Robert. National Institute of Chemistry; Eslovenia. University of Ljubljana; Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology; Eslovenia. ALISTORE - European Research Institute; Franci

So similar, yet so different: the case of the ionic liquids N-trimethyl-N(2-methoxyethyl)ammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide and N,N-diethyl-N-methyl-N(2-methoxyethyl)ammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide

Two ethoxy containing ionic liquids (ILs) sharing the same anion, N-trimethyl-N (2-methoxyethyl)ammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (N111(2O1)-TFSI) and N,N-diethyl-N-methyl-N (2-methoxyethyl)ammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (N122(2O1)-TFSI), and their mixtures are studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry and infrared spectroscopy combined with DFT calculations. The two ILs, slightly differing only for the length of two short chains, diverge significantly in the thermal properties: N111(2O1)-TFSI undergoes to a crystallization upon cooling, whereas N122(2O1)-TFSI is likely to become a glass. Experimental results indicate that in N111(2O1)-TFSI the occurrence of hydrogen bonding is energetically favored, and become particularly evident in the solid phase. The comparison with computational results indicates that it could be ascribed to the CH bonds involving the C atoms directly linked to the central N atom. In N122(2O1)-TFSI, DFT calculations suggest that hydrogen bonding could take place; however, IR measurements suggest that hydrogen bonding is not energetically favored. Moreover, in N122(2O1)-TFSI there is a larger conformational disorder that prevents from the alignment of cation and anion that contributes to the detection of clear hydrogen bonding infrared active bands. The mixtures rich in N111(2O1)-TFSI crystallize at lower temperatures than the pure ionic liquid. Progressively, the energy gain due to the instauration of hydrogen bonding decreases as the concentration of N122(2O1) TFSI increases

Poly[3-ethyl-1-vinyl-imidazolium] diethyl phosphate/Pebax® 1657 Composite Membranes and Their Gas Separation Performance

Poly(ionic liquid)s are an innovative class of materials with promising properties in gas separation processes that can be used to boost the neat polymer performances. Nevertheless, some of their properties such as stability and mechanical strength have to be improved to render them suitable as materials for industrial applications. This work explored, on the one hand, the possibility to improve gas transport and separation properties of the block copolymer Pebax&reg; 1657 by blending it with poly[3-ethyl-1-vinyl-imidazolium] diethyl phosphate (PEVI-DEP). On the other hand, Pebax&reg; 1657 served as a support for the PIL and provided mechanical resistance to the samples. Pebax&reg; 1657/PEVI-DEP composite membranes containing 20, 40, and 60 wt.% of PEVI-DEP were cast from solutions of the right proportion of the two polymers in a water/ethanol mixture. The PEVI-DEP content affected both the morphology of the dense membranes and gas transport through the membranes. These changes were revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), time-lag, and gravimetric sorption measurements. Pebax&reg; 1657 and PEVI-DEP showed similar affinity towards CO2, and its uptake or solubility was not influenced by the amount of PIL in the membrane. Therefore, the addition of the PIL did not lead to improvements in the separation of CO2 from other gases. Importantly, PEVI-DEP (40 wt.%) incorporation affected and improved permeability and selectivity by more than 50% especially for the separation of light gases, e.g., H2/CH4 and H2/CO2, but higher PEVI-DEP concentrations lead to a decline in the transport properties