NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF TWO DIMENSIONAL HEAT CONDUCTIVITY IN STEADY STATE REGIME

Solving the differential equation of the heat conduction the temperature in each point of the body can be determined. However, in the case of bodies with boundary surface of sophisticated geometry no analytic method can be used. In this case the use of numerical methods becomes necessary. The finite element method is based on the integral equation of the heat conduction. This is obtained from the differential equation using variation calculus. The temperature values will be calculated on the finite elements. Then, based on these partial solutions, the solution for the entire volume will be determined. Using this method we can divide into elements also fields with any border. In this paper the temperature distribution in an orthotropic body and in a pipe insulation is analysed using a software developed by the author

The preservation of the Quality of products by observing the storage conditions

The preservation of goods is an important stage of their technical-economic circuit. During storage, qualitative modifications can occur in the products, whose intensity and manner depend on internal factors or on factors outside the products. The alleviation or the prevention of these modifications require the permanent monitoring of the conditions of storage and the taking of action, when necessary, in order to ensure and to keep a balance between the action and the mutual dependency on the internal factors, on the one hand, and on the external ones, on the other.Storage of goods; The monitoring of the storage conditions; Qualitative modifications;

OPTIMIZATION OF LOOPED WATER SUPPLY NETWORKS

The paper approaches the optimization of looped networks supplied by direct pumping from one or more node sources, according to demand variation. Traditionally, in pipe optimization, the objective function is always focused on the cost criteria of network components. In this study an improved nonlinear model is developed, which has the advantage of using not only cost criteria, but also energy consumption, consumption of scarce resources, operating expenses etc. Discharge continuity at nodes, energy conservation in loops and energy conservation along some paths between the pump stations and the adequate `critical nodes´ are considered as constraints. This problem of nonlinear programming with equality constraints finally turns into a system of nonlinear equations to be solved by the `gradient method´. The nonlinear optimization model considers head losses or discharges through pipes as variables to be optimized in order to establish the optimal diameters of pipes and is coupled with a hydraulic analysis. The paper compares a nonlinear optimization model to some others, such as the classic model of average economical velocities and Moshnin optimization model. This shows the good performance of the new model. For different analyzed networks, the saving of electrical energy, due to diminishing pressure losses and operation costs when applying the new model, represents about 10...30\%

The Quality of Educational Services in Higher Education – Assurance, Management or Excellence?

The present paper has as its target to present the regulations characterizing the quality of educational services in higher education, with a view to identifying the system which is the most efficient and revealing for their real quality. This approach also takes into account the central role that key intellectual and cultural responsibilities play in the development of modern society, as well as the moral impact of higher education on society as a whole. The authors reach the conclusion that, in order to have real quality in higher education, it is important to introduce a quality management system and to constantly improve it, using as feedback the satisfaction of clients and other interested parties, with the intention of attaining performance and excellence.excellence, performance, quality management, quality assurance, quality indicators

A study on the frost self-protection of cooling towers

The paper presents the results of an experimental research conducted using a climaxed stand on the griddle self-protection to frost of cooling towers. The parameters have been followed to influence the forming of ice curtains on the air access section into the tower and it is proposed an analytic relation for calculating the aerodynamic resistance of the self-protection system

Energetical optimization of water distribution systems in large urban centers

In the present conditions of water distribution towards the users by pumping, in large urban centers, the reconsideration of the structure and functioning principles of the distribution systems, from the point of view of the energetical optimization, becomes a necessary and major problem, which can be solved by a new structural design. This paper presents and analyses in a detailed manner, giving numerical examples, certain optimization methods and solutions for the distribution systems, with a view to diminishing the pumping energetic consumption, using interior potential elements, ascertaining the energetical and economical efficiency

Vulvodynia; an under-recognized disease

Vulvodynia is a chronic condition which affects an increasing number of women; it presents currently an incidence that is higher than had previously been estimated. Regarding pathogenesis, several (hormonal, infectious, inflammatory and psychological) factors have been proposed, but vulvodynia etiology remains still unclear. This disorder is a multifactorial condition with a significant impact on the patient’s quality of life, yet is difficult to diagnose (an under-estimated/ under-recognized affection). Certain medical investigations are required in order to exclude other diseases (the diagnosis of vulvodynia being one of exclusion), but anamnesis and physical examination are essential steps in the diagnosis. Although many therapies have been proposed, both pharmacological and non-pharmacological, a standardized therapy has not yet been established/ generally accepted. Accordingly, many therapeutic options have been studied with varying results. Vulvodynia remains a challenging disease and a multidisciplinary approach is needed to achieve satisfactory outcomes. Further studies are needed to completely understand its pathogenesis and to develop a standardized treatment

MEDICATION IN HYPERTENSIVE EMERGENCIES

Universitatea de Stat de Medicină şi Farmacie „Nicolae Testemiţanu”, Chişinău, Republica MoldovaIntroducere. Urgențele hipertensive sunt definite de creșteri marcate ale tensiunii arteriale asociate cu afectarea acută a organelor țintă, de obicei care implică cele din sistemul cardiovascular, renal sau nervos central. Scopul lucrării. Identificarea remediilor medicamentoase utilizate în tratamentul hipertensiune arterială comune și extreme la pacienți. Material și Metode. S-au utilizat date privind numărul de pacienți cu urgențe hipertensive comune și extreme, incidența factorilor de risc, consumul de medicamente din numeroase studii științifice publicate pe parcursul ultimilor 5 ani. S-a identificat prescrierea de remedii antihipertensive în tratamentul hipertensiunii arteriale. Rezultate. Prescrierile medicamentoase includ monoterapie 30%, combinație de două medicamente 15%, combinație de trei medicamente 14% și mai mult de trei combinații 4%. Grupele farmacologice: blocante ale receptorilor de angiotensină + diuretice 6%, cu combinații de blocante ale receptorilor de angiotensină + blocant al canalelor de calciu 4,5% . Rata de aderență a fost de 15%, dintre care 55% hipertensiune arterială în stadiul 1 și 45% hipertensiune arterială în stadiul 2. Utilizarea medicamentelor recomandate depind de etapele (stadiul 1 și 2) ale hipertensiunii arteriale, ținând cont de vârsta, sexul și alte comorbidități ale pacientului. Concluzii. Studiul subliniază importanța medicației antihipertensive și relația medic-pacient pentru a permite aderarea la tratamentul programat și disponibilitatea medicamentelor, terapia medicamentoasă combinată cu îmbunătățirea continuă a tratamentului pacienților cu hipertensiune arterială.Introduction. Hypertensive emergencies are defined by marked blood pressure elevations associated with acute target organ damage as that typically involved include those in the cardiovascular, renal, or central nervous systems. Objective of the study. To identify antihypertensive drugs used in decreasing the blood pressure in patients with acute common and extreme hypertension. Material and Methods. Data of patients with common and extreme hypertensive emergencies, age, sex, and incidence of risk factors, drug consumption were taken many scientific studies recently published during last 5 years with the prescription of antihypertensive agents in the treatment of hypertension. Results. Drug prescriptions include monotherapy, 30%, twodrug combination 15%, three-drug combination 14% and more than three combinations 4 %. By the pharmacological groups Angiotensin receptor blocker + diuretic combination 6% was mostly used in two drug combination therapy followed by Angiotensin receptor blockers + Calcium channel blocker 4.5% and Diuretics 3%. The overall rate of adherence was 15 from which 55% (Stage 1 hypertension) and 45% (Stage 2 hypertension). The use of the recommended medication depends on the stages (stage 1 and stage 2) of the hypertension, while taking into account the age, sex and other co morbidities of the patient. Conclusions. The study underlines importance of antihypertensive drugs for physician-patient relationship that allows adherence to scheduled treatment combined drug therapy with continuously improve the treatment of patients with hypertension and to reduce the problems cardiovascular disease in patients