A levoszimendán perioperatív alkalmazása a szívsebészetben

Low output syndrome significantly increases morbidity and mortality of cardiac surgery and lengthens the durations of intensive care unit and hospital stays. Its treatment by catecholamines can lead to undesirable systemic and cardiac complications. Levosimendan is a calcium sensitiser and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium channel (IK,ATP) opener agent. Due to these effects, it improves myocardium performance, does not influence adversely the balance between O2 supply and demand, and possesses cardioprotective and organ protective properties as well. Based on the scientific literature and experts' opinions, a European recommendation was published on the perioperative use of levosimendan in cardiac surgery in 2015. Along this line, and also taking into consideration cardiac surgeon, anaesthesiologist and cardiologist representatives of the seven Hungarian heart centres and the children heart centre, the Hungarian recommendation has been formulated that is based on two pillars: literature evidence and Hungarian expert opinions. The reviewed fields are: coronary and valvular surgery, assist device implantation, heart transplantation both in adult and pediatric cardiologic practice. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(22): 870-877

A levoszimendán perioperatív alkalmazása a szívsebészetben. Magyar ajánlás = Perioperative use of levosimendan in cardiac surgery. Hungarian recommendation

Absztrakt: Az alacsony perctérfogat szindróma jelentősen emeli a szívműtétek szövődményeit és a halálozást, megnyújtja az intenzív osztályos és kórházi tartózkodási időt. A kezelésére alkalmazott katecholaminterápiának nemkívánatos szisztémás és kardiális mellékhatásai lehetnek. A levoszimendán érzékenyebbé teszi a szívizom kalciumcsatornáit kalciumra, és megnyitja az adenozin-trifoszfát (ATP)-szenzitív káliumcsatornákat (KATP) is. Ennek köszönhetően javítja a szív teljesítményét, nem növeli a szívizom oxigénigényét, valamint védőhatást fejt ki a szívre és számos egyéb szervre is. A korábbiakban megjelent irodalom és szakértői vélemények alapján 2015-ben publikálták a szakértői véleményeket tartalmazó európai dokumentumot a levoszimendán szívsebészeti perioperatív alkalmazásáról. Ennek figyelembevételével, továbbá a hét magyar szívcentrum és a gyermekszívcentrum (szívsebész, aneszteziológus és kardiológus képviselőinek) bevonásával kidolgoztuk a magyar ajánlást, melynek két meghatározó pillére van: az irodalmi evidenciák és a magyar centrumok képviselőinek tapasztalatai. Az áttekintett területek: koszorúérműtétek, billentyűműtétek, keringéstámogató eszközök és szívtranszplantáció, mind felnőtt, mind gyermek szívsebészeti beavatkozások vonatkozásában. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(22): 870–877. | Abstract: Low output syndrome significantly increases morbidity and mortality of cardiac surgery and lengthens the durations of intensive care unit and hospital stays. Its treatment by catecholamines can lead to undesirable systemic and cardiac complications. Levosimendan is a calcium sensitiser and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium channel (IK,ATP) opener agent. Due to these effects, it improves myocardium performance, does not influence adversely the balance between O2 supply and demand, and possesses cardioprotective and organ protective properties as well. Based on the scientific literature and experts’ opinions, a European recommendation was published on the perioperative use of levosimendan in cardiac surgery in 2015. Along this line, and also taking into consideration cardiac surgeon, anaesthesiologist and cardiologist representatives of the seven Hungarian heart centres and the children heart centre, the Hungarian recommendation has been formulated that is based on two pillars: literature evidence and Hungarian expert opinions. The reviewed fields are: coronary and valvular surgery, assist device implantation, heart transplantation both in adult and pediatric cardiologic practice. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(22): 870–877

Postoperative differences between colonization and infection after pediatric cardiac surgery-a propensity matched analysis

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to identify the postoperative risk factors associated with the conversion of colonization to postoperative infection in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery. METHODS: Following approval from the Institutional Review Board, patient demographics, co-morbidities, surgery details, transfusion requirements, inotropic infusions, laboratory parameters and positive microbial results were recorded during the hospital stay, and the patients were divided into two groups: patients with clinical signs of infection and patients with only positive cultures but without infection during the postoperative period. Using propensity scores, 141 patients with infection were matched to 141 patients with positive microbial cultures but without signs of infection. Our database consisted of 1665 consecutive pediatric patients who underwent cardiac surgery between January 2004 and December 2008 at a single center. The association between the patient group with infection and the group with colonization was analyzed after propensity score matching of the perioperative variables. RESULTS: 179 patients (9.3%) had infection, and 253 patients (15.2%) had colonization. The occurrence of Gram-positive species was significantly greater in the colonization group (p=0.004). The C-reactive protein levels on the first and second postoperative days were significantly greater in the infection group (p=0.02 and p=0.05, respectively). The sum of all the positive cultures obtained during the postoperative period was greater in the infection group compared to the colonization group (p=0.02). The length of the intensive care unit stay (p<0.001) was significantly longer in the infection group compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our results, we uncovered independent relationships between the conversion of colonization to infection regarding positive S. aureus and bloodstream results, as well as significant differences between the two groups regarding postoperative C-reactive protein levels and white blood cell counts

A szívtranszplantáció helye a gyermekszívsebészetben. Az első sikeres gyermekszív-átültetés Magyarországon = The role of heart transplantation in pediatric heart surgery. The first pediatric heart transplantation in Hungary

A szerzők egy 7 éves dilatativ cardiomyopathiás gyermek esetét ismertetik, akinél megelőzően súlyos aortainsufficientia miatt műbillentyű-beültetés történt. Az NYHA–IV. stádiumba került betegnél 2007. október 18-án szívtranszplantációt végeztek. Magyarországon ez volt az első sikeres gyermekszív-átültetés. Zavartalan korai posztoperatív szak után 6 hónappal a gyermek panaszmentes, szívizom-biopszia, echokardiográfiás vizsgálat rejectiót nem mutat, keringéstámogató gyógyszert nem igényel, immunszuppresszív terápiájaként az interleukin-2-receptor-blokkoló basiliximabbal történő indukciója után hármas kombinációt (tacrolimus + mycophenolate mofetil + corticosteroid) alkalmaznak. | 7-year-old boy, who underwent aortic valve replacement two years previously, suffered from idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Because of poor condition (NYHA–IV), heart transplantation was performed on 18th October 2007. It was the first pediatric heart transplantation in Hungary. It was an uneventful early postoperative period, 6 months after the operation he is doing well, no biopsy-proven and tissue Doppler echocardiography (TDI-derived velocities measurement) rejection was detected. The immunosuppression was based on triple-drug therapy (tacrolimus + mycophenolate mofetil + corticosteroid) with use of induction therapy with interleukin-2 receptor blocker (basiliximab)