A pedagógiai tudás, nézetek és tevékenység kölcsönhatása, kialakulásuk folyamata = Interrelationship of pedagogical knowledge, beliefs and activity and the process of their construction

A kutatás összehasonlító pedagógiai, elméleti-szintetizáló és empirikus irányokban folyt. Eredményei főként o a pedagógusi kompetenciák belső szerkezetének feltárása, az ebben szerepet játsz tudás, nézetek, o képességek kölcsönhatásának kimutatása, o a pedagógusi tevékenységet leíró kompetenciák rendszerének kialakítása. o a reflektivitás lényegének feltárása, kialakulási folyamatának elemzése, szintjeinek bemutatása, o a hallgatók nézeteinek feltárása, o a tanári önkép alakulási folyamatának longitudinális elemzése o az eredményes pedagógusképzés szervezeti feltételeinek leírása területén ragadható meg A fontosabb eredményeket egy monográfia és egy tanulmánykötet foglalja össze. | The research has been carried out in comparative, theoretical, and empirical directions. Its results can be summarized in the following areas: - discovering the inner structure of teacher competences the interrelationship of knowledge, beliefs and skills - formulating a system of teacher competences, - describing the essence of reflectivity in teaching, of its developmental process, of its different levels, - developing methods for making explicit future teachers? beliefs, - a longitudinal analysis of teachers? self-concept, - approaching an effective organization for teacher education. The main results are summarized in a monograph and in a publication containing five studies

Ethnographic accounts of visitors from the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy to the Asian peripheries of Russia and their contribution to the development of systematic ethnological studies in the Monarchy: Preliminary results and research perspectives

The authors intend to provide an overview of the diaries, travelogues, and correspondence of Austro-Hungarians who traveled to the Asian peripheries of Russia during the Dual Monarchy. We aim to contribute to ongoing discussions on colonial discourses of otherness, as well as to the historical development of ethnographic scholarship in Europe. Travel writing, orientalism, and colonial encounters with Asian otherness are closely intermingling phenomena in the modern era. We argue that the rich corpus of visual and verbal representations of North-, Central-, and Inner-Asian peoples recorded by the subjects of the Dual Monarchy provides instructive examples of colonial encounters with non-colonizers in 19th century Asia. Furthermore, we believe that these examples will bring forth a more detailed picture of how the ideas born in the centers of German enlightenment (like Völkerkunde) impregnated the intellectual life of more peripheral regions in Europe. As ethnographic scholarship developed within national research traditions rather than in the frame of a monolithic, European intellectual project, our question is whether or not the Dual Monarchy provided a meaningful frame to bridge national research traditions

Effects of the Pentapeptide P33 on Memory and Synaptic Plasticity in APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice: A Novel Mechanism Presenting the Protein Fe65 as a Target

Regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP) of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) leads to the formation of fragments, among which the intracellular domain of APP (AICD) was also identified to be a causative of early pathological events. AICD-counteracting proteins, such as Fe65, may serve as alternative therapeutic targets of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The detection of elevated levels of Fe65 in the brains of both human patients and APP transgenic mice may further strengthen the hypothesis that influencing the interaction between Fe65 and APP may have a beneficial effect on the course of AD. Based on a PXP motif, proven to bind to the WW domain of Fe65, a new pentapeptide was designed and tested. The impedimental effect of P33 on the production of beta amyloid (A beta) (soluble fraction and aggregated plaques) and on the typical features of the AD pathology (decreased dendritic spine density, synaptic markers, elevated inflammatory reactions) was also demonstrated. Significant enhancements of both learning ability and memory function were observed in a Morris water maze paradigm. The results led us to formulate the theory that P33 acts by altering the conformation of Fe65 via binding to its WW domain, consequently hindering any interactions between Fe65 and key members involved in APP processing

Role of Gangliosides in Peripheral Pain Mechanisms

Gangliosides are abundantly occurring sialylated glycosphingolipids serving diverse functions in the nervous system. Membrane-localized gangliosides are important components of lipid microdomains (rafts) which determine the distribution of and the interaction among specific membrane proteins. Different classes of gangliosides are expressed in nociceptive primary sensory neurons involved in the transmission of nerve impulses evoked by noxious mechanical, thermal, and chemical stimuli. Gangliosides, in particular GM1, have been shown to participate in the regulation of the function of ion channels, such as transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1), a molecular integrator of noxious stimuli of distinct nature. Gangliosides may influence nociceptive functions through their association with lipid rafts participating in the organization of functional assemblies of specific nociceptive ion channels with neurotrophins, membrane receptors, and intracellular signaling pathways. Genetic and experimentally induced alterations in the expression and/or metabolism of distinct ganglioside species are involved in pathologies associated with nerve injuries, neuropathic, and inflammatory pain in both men and animals. Genetic and/or pharmacological manipulation of neuronal ganglioside expression, metabolism, and action may offer a novel approach to understanding and management of pain

Longitudinal Study of Functional Reinnervation of the Denervated Skin by Collateral Sprouting of Peptidergic Nociceptive Nerves Utilizing Laser Doppler Imaging

Restitution of cutaneous sensory function is accomplished by neural regenerative processes of distinct mechanisms following peripheral nerve lesions. Although methods available for the study of functional cutaneous nerve regeneration are specific and accurate, they are unsuitable for the longitudinal follow-up of the temporal and spatial aspects of the reinnervation process. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a new, non-invasive approach for the longitudinal examination of cutaneous nerve regeneration utilizing the determination of changes in the sensory neurogenic vasodilatatory response, a salient feature of calcitonin gene-related peptide-containing nociceptive afferent nerves, with scanning laser Doppler flowmetry. Scanning laser Doppler imaging was applied to measure the intensity and spatial extent of sensory neurogenic vasodilatation elicited by the application of mustard oil onto the dorsal skin of the rat hindpaw. Mustard oil induced reproducible and uniform increases in skin perfusion reaching maximum values at 2-4 min after application whereafter the blood flow gradually returned to control level after about 8-10 min. Transection and ligation of the saphenous nerve largely eliminated the vasodilatatory response in the medial aspect of the dorsal skin of the hindpaw. In the 2 nd to 4 th weeks after injury, the mustard oil-induced vasodilatatory reaction gradually recovered. Since regeneration of the saphenous nerve was prevented, the recovery of the vasodilatatory response may be accounted for by the collateral sprouting of neighboring intact sciatic afferent nerve fibers. This was supported by the elimination of the vasodilatatory response in both the saphenous and sciatic innervation territories following local treatment of the sciatic nerve with capsaicin to defunctionalize nociceptive afferent fibers. The present findings demonstrate that this novel technique utilizing scanning laser Doppler flowmetry to quantitatively measure cutaneous sensory neurogenic vasodilatation, a vascular response mediated by peptidergic nociceptive nerves, is a reliable non-invasive approach for the longitudinal study of nerve regeneration in the skin

RGB-02 (biosimilar pegfilgrastim) in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia

Pegfilgrastim is widely used for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. The development and use of biosimilar agents help to rationalize healthcare expenditure and improve access to modern therapies to all who need them. This review focuses on pegfilgrastims with important role in oncology supportive care. RGB-02 (Gedeon Richter) is a proposed biosimilar to pegylated granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (Neulasta((R)), Amgen) with sustained release properties. The clinical analyses in three randomized clinical studies provided comparative data between RGB-02 and Neulasta, in a Phase III study patients receiving docetaxel-doxorubicin chemotherapy treatment equivalence was found. No difference was detected in any safety measure including immunogenicity; treatment switch, from the reference product to RGB-02 proved safe. Long-acting pegylated filgrastim RGB-02 has successfully accomplished various steps of biosimilar development

Role of Gangliosides in Peripheral Pain Mechanisms

Gangliosides are abundantly occurring sialylated glycosphingolipids serving diverse functions in the nervous system. Membrane-localized gangliosides are important components of lipid microdomains (rafts) which determine the distribution of and the interaction among specific membrane proteins. Different classes of gangliosides are expressed in nociceptive primary sensory neurons involved in the transmission of nerve impulses evoked by noxious mechanical, thermal, and chemical stimuli. Gangliosides, in particular GM1, have been shown to participate in the regulation of the function of ion channels, such as transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1), a molecular integrator of noxious stimuli of distinct nature. Gangliosides may influence nociceptive functions through their association with lipid rafts participating in the organization of functional assemblies of specific nociceptive ion channels with neurotrophins, membrane receptors, and intracellular signaling pathways. Genetic and experimentally induced alterations in the expression and/or metabolism of distinct ganglioside species are involved in pathologies associated with nerve injuries, neuropathic, and inflammatory pain in both men and animals. Genetic and/or pharmacological manipulation of neuronal ganglioside expression, metabolism, and action may offer a novel approach to understanding and management of pain