Aggression, Conflict and Peace ResearchMental health problems, family functioning and social support among children survivors of Colombia’s armed conflict

Purpose - Colombia presents with one of the largest armed conflicts in the world. Children exposed directly or indirectly to armed conflicts live the emotional footprints left by war. This study identified mental health problems among children survivors of Colombia’s armed conflict and associated factors. Design/methodology/approach – A cross-sectional study with (n=80) children aged 7 to 11 years (M=9.8 years; SD= 1.4) was conducted using the Child Behavior Checklist, Family APGAR, and MOS social support survey adaptation to children. Linear regression analyses were also performed with emotional and behavioral problems as the outcomes and related factors as the predictors. Findings - Clinical levels of emotional and behavioral problems were found in 56.3% of children. Internalizing problems (63.7%) were more common than externalizing problems (51.2%). Older children had greater emotional problems at the trend level, and those with higher functioning families had lower emotional problems. Children with higher perceived social support had lower behavior problems at the trend level. Research limitations/implications - This study includes a sample facing multiple risks and uses a holistic approach to consider family and social resources that may support children who are survivors of the armed conflict in Colombia. These results provide a foundation for future promotion and prevention programs related to children’s mental health problems to support peacebuilding within the framework of the Colombian post-conflict process. Originality/value – To the best of authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to collect empirical data on the mental health of children survivors of Colombia’s armed conflict focused in the Atlantic Department

The experience of informal caregivers of children with disabilities: objective and subjective burden - a systematic review

Objective: Describe the experience of informal caregivers of children with disabilities to understand the burden of caregiving. Methods: This article uses the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), we defined study inclusion criteria using a PICOS scheme. Essentially, we included only studies that reported data on documents related to caregivers: fathers and mothers of children, adolescents, and adults (P = Population) who diagnosed with any type of disability (I = Intervention), compared to formal caregivers (C = Comparison), and that these parents had the experience of being a caregiver (O = Outcome). In terms of study design, studies with any type of design were included to get a broader view of how existing research has addressed the issue, and a full understanding of the implications of informal caregiving (S = Study Design). The thematic research was carried out in the thesauri of MeSH, my NCBI, PubMed and Scopus. The MeSH terms were used in databases the search was guided by the terms suggested in their Thesaurus tool. Results: The initial search retrieved 136 records. After duplicates were removed (n = 86), the remaining 50 records (titles and abstracts) were screened against our study inclusion criteria, resulting in the exclusion of another 30. Titles not relevant or unrelated to the topic; titles mentioning disability, but not parents; those alluding to formal care; those describing formal medical or nursing care; and those describing nursing caregivers were excluded. Conclusion: A promising avenue for addressing informal caregiving emerges by delving into the need to propose interventions that improve the physical and mental health of caregivers. These interventions should urgently focus on the mental health of mothers, who present greater psychological distress than fathers. It is necessary to propose programs that reveal the need to care for the caregiver, according to the subjective burden (stress); and programs that promote the care of children with disabilities (objective burden), who may be affected by the mental health of their caregiver

An integrative look of intervention of violence in the noviazgo

La violencia en las relaciones de pareja en adultos es un tema que ha sido profundamente investigado de forma centralizada o lineal desde el punto de vista de la relación víctima-victimario, agresor-agredido y posturas de género. En la actualidad, existen investigaciones sobre la violencia en las relaciones de noviazgo entre adolescentes, cuyos resultados estadísticos no presentan diferencias entre el género. Sin embargo, se evidencia como un factor predominante, la presencia de violencia mutua o bidireccional y relacional. En este sentido, es de vital importancia ampliar la comprensión de la violencia en la etapa del noviazgo durante la adolescencia con la finalidad de generar nuevas contribuciones epistemológicas enfocadas en el abordaje investigativo del fenómeno social, que direccionadas a la prevención de manifestaciones violentas en la edad adulta. El objetivo del presente artículo pretende mostrar los principales hallazgos de la revisión teórica sobre la violencia en el noviazgo en adolescentes desde una perspectiva bidireccional.Violence in adult relationships is a subject that has been deeply investigated in a centralized or linear way from the point of view of the relationship victim-victimizer, aggressor-aggressed and gender positions. Nowadays, there are researches on violence in dating relationships among adolescents, whose statistical results do not show differences between genders. However, the presence of mutual or bidirectional and relational violence is evidenced as a predominant factor. In this sense, it is vital to broaden the understanding of violence in the dating phase between adolescents in order to generate new epistemological contributions focused on the investigative approach of the social phenomenon aimed at the prevention of violent manifestations in adulthood. The objective of this article aims to show the main findings of the theoretical review on adolescent dating violence from a bidirectional perspective

Psychological wellness programs, strategies and protocols implemented in young university students

El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática fue identificar la evidencia disponible en la literatura científica en relación con el cáncer de mama y la resiliencia. Se realizaron búsquedas en las bases de datos bibliográficas de Medline, Scopus y Psychology and Behavioral Science Collection (EBSCO) utilizando criterios de búsqueda predeterminados. Se consideraron los estudios de investigación publicados hasta diciembre de 2019 y, luego de la evaluación, se incluyeron 45 artículos en la revisión. El estudio del cáncer de mama y la resiliencia se ha convertido en una necesidad y una respuesta a los posibles efectos secundarios que resultan de esta enfermedad. Esta revisión sistemática destacó que el diagnóstico de cáncer de mama puede conducir al deterioro no solo del estado físico sino también del bienestar social y psicológico. Además, promueve la comorbilidad de problemas de salud mental tales como síntomas depresivos, ansiedad o angustia emocional, afectaciones de la imagen corporal y peor calidad de vida. Los resultados sugieren que puede ser necesario diseñar y desarrollar intervenciones para promover la resiliencia y trabajar con las fortalezas de las mujeres y sus familias o cuidadores.The aim of this systematic review was to identify the evidence available in scientific literature in relation to breast cancer and resilience. The bibliographic databases of Medline, Scopus and Psychology and Behavioral Science Collection (EBSCO) were searched using predetermined search criteria. Research studies published up to December 2019 were considered and following appraisal, 45 articles were included in the review. The study of breast cancer and resilience has emerged as a necessity and a response to the possible side effects that result from breast cancer. This systematic review highlighted that being diagnosis with breast cancer can lead to the deterioration not only of the physical state but also of social and psychological well-being. Also, promoting the comorbidity of mental health problems such as, depressive symptoms, anxiety or emotional distress, affectations of their corporal image and poorer quality of life. The findings suggest it may be necessary to design and develop interventions to promote resilience and working with women’s strengths and their families or caregivers

Dating violence among Colombian youth: Analysis of prevalence by gender and contributions to bidirectional interventions

Mundialmente la violencia en las relaciones de noviazgo entre jóvenes se considera una problemática de salud pública debido a su alta prevalencia. El objetivo de esta investigación fue detectar la prevalencia de violencia en las relaciones de noviazgo en relación con el género en (n=1044) jóvenes universitarios con edades entre 18 y 27 años (M=19.73 años y DT=1.9 años). Los resultados muestran que el 96.9% de los participantes han cometido al menos un comportamiento violento o de maltrato en sus relaciones de pareja durante los últimos doce meses y el 93.2% refieren haber recibido comportamientos violentos por parte de sus parejas. El 94.8% expresó haber cometido violencia verbal-emocional hacia su pareja con diferencias estadísticas significativas para el género femenino. El 51.1% manifestó victimización física frente al 62.2% que expreso haberlo ejecutado. Se concluye que existe alta prevalencia de la violencia o maltrato dentro de las relaciones de noviazgo motivando su intervención bidireccional.Worldwide, dating violence among young people is consid- ered a public health problem due to its high prevalence. The aims of this study were to detect the prevalence of dating vio- lence in relation to gender in a sample (n=1044) of university students with ages between 18 and 27 years (M=19.73 years and DT=1.9 years). The results show that 96.9% of the par- ticipants have committed at least a violent behavior in their relationships during the last twelve months and 93.2% have received a violent behavior from their partners, 94.8% ex- pressed having committed verbal-emotional violence towards their partner with statistical differences specifc to the female gender. 51.1% manifested physical victimization compared to 62.2% who expressed having carried it out. A high prevalence of committed and suffered dating violence was found. These data can be used to support the development of bidirectional interventions

Moral development in educational contexts: A systematic review

El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática fue identificar la evidencia disponible en la literatura científica relacionadas con el estudio del desarrollo moral en contextos educativos. Se realizaron búsquedas en las bases de datos bibliográficas de PubMed, Scopus, Psychology and Behavioral Science Collection (EBSCO) y Scielo utilizando criterios de búsqueda predeterminados, siguiendo la metodología PRISMA. Se consideraron los estudios de investigación publicados desde 2010 hasta octubre de 2020 y, luego de la evaluación, fueron identificados 3.021 artículos que trataban el tema y se incluyeron finalmente 167 artículos en la revisión que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Los resultados sugieren la influencia del contexto educativo en el desarrollo moral, desde todos los niveles de formación educativa, donde convergen aspectos, individuales, cognitivos, socioeconómicos, interculturales, pedagógicos, institucionales, familiares e interactivos, incentivando al desarrollo de estudios que nutran la discusión científica sobre la evolución moral del ser humano y sus prácticas formativas asociadas.The aim of this systematic review was to identify the evidence available in scientific literature in relation to moral development in educational contexts. The bibliographic databases of PubMed, Scopus, Psychology and Behavioral Science Collection (EBSCO) and Scielo were examined using predetermined search criteria and PRISMA methodology. Research studies published from 2010 to October 2020 were considered and, after evaluation, 3,021 articles dealing with the topic were identified and finally 167 articles were included in the review that met the inclusion criteria. The results suggest the influence of the educational context on moral development, from all levels of educational formation, where aspects, individual, cognitive, socioeconomic, intercultural, pedagogical, institutional, family and interactive converge, encouraging the development of studies that nourish the scientific discussion on the moral evolution of the human being and its associated training practices

Abordaje psicológico de los cuidadores informales de discapacidad: una mirada desde el análisis documental de la normatividad colombiana

Introduction: The objective of this study was to synthesize the Colombian regulations on disability and informal caregiver care policies, with the aim of revealing the existing gaps in the legal field and proposing a psychological approach to informal caregivers with disabilities. Method: A thematic search was carried out in the MeSH thesaurus, taking as inclusion criteria studies that contemplate Colombian regulations on disability, and policies (national and international) on caregiver care, to evaluate the psychological, mental and physical impact suffered by caregivers of persons with disabilities, and the cultural constructions associated with gender, for a total of 43 documents. Results: 36 documents on disability regulations were coded with the Atlas ti software. And 7 documents on care policies (national and international) were treated in Maxqda. In the documents analyzed, a gap was found in the theoretical and practical articulation of the regulations that exclude care for the informal caregiver. Finally, in order to recognize gender as a category associated with caregiving, a word cloud was created using Nvivo software. The elements to be considered in the psychological approach to informal caregivers with disabilities are presented. Conclusions: it is necessary to propose new policies within the disability regulations that promote caregiver care, recognizing the caregiver as an essential member of the health system. Keywords: Informal caregiving; Disability; Psychological approach; Normativity; Health system; Public policies; Mental health; Gender.Introducción: El objetivo del presente estudio fue sintetizar la normatividad colombiana sobre discapacidad y las políticas del cuidado al cuidador informal, con la finalidad de develar los vacíos existentes desde el ámbito legal y proponer un abordaje psicológico de los cuidadores informales de discapacidad. Método: Se realizó una búsqueda temática en los tesauros de MeSH, teniéndose como criterio de inclusión, estudios que contemplen la normatividad colombiana sobre discapacidad, y las políticas (nacional e internacional) sobre el cuidado al cuidador, para un total de 43 documentos. Resultados: 36 documentos sobre normatividad de discapacidad fueron codificados con el software Atlas ti. Y, 7 documentos sobre políticas de cuidado (nacional e internacional) fueron tratados en el software Maxqda. En los documentos analizados, se encontró un vacío en la articulación teórica y práctica de la normatividad que excluye el cuidado al cuidador informal. Finalmente, para reconocer el género como categoría asociada al cuidado, se hizo una nube de palabras con el software Nvivo. Se exponen los elementos que deben considerarse en el abordaje psicológico de los cuidadores informales de discapacidad. Conclusiones: Se requiere plantear nuevas políticas dentro de la normatividad de discapacidad, que promuevan el cuidado al cuidador, reconociéndolo como miembro esencial del sistema de salud. Palabras clave: Cuidado informal; Discapacidad; Abordaje psicológico; Normatividad; Sistema de salud; Políticas públicas; Salud mental; Género

Ajuste psicológico en niños y adolescentes que viven con VIH

El objetivo del estudio fue describir el ajuste psicológico en niños y adolescentes (n=14) entre 6 y 15 años que viven con VIH. Estudio cuantitativo, con diseño descriptivo. Se utilizó el Child Symptom Checklist CBCL/6-18 adaptado a población latina para evaluar el ajuste psicológico. La escala de competencias en actividades sociales y escolares mostró que el 79% de los participantes se ubicaron en el rango clínico y 21% en el rango normal. El 43% se ubicó en rango clínico, 36% borderline y 21% en rango normal en la escala síndromes. Se evidenció bajo nivel en las competencias sociales debido a poca participación y habilidades, sin vinculación a organizaciones de carácter social, con red social mínima y desempeño escolar por fuera de lo esperado. Asimismo, la mayoría de la muestra reflejó problemas de conducta psicosomática, agresividad y ansiedad, indicando un desajuste psicológico de tipo interiorizado y exteriorizado.The main objective of this study was to describe the psychological adjustment in children and teenagers (n=14) between 6 and 15 years living with HIV. Quantitative study with descriptive design. Child Symptom Checklist CBCL/6-18 adapted to Latinos was used to assess psychological adjustment. Social competencies and school activities scale showed that 79% of the participants were in clinical range and 21% in the normal range. Syndrome scale showed that 43% of evaluated are in clinical range, 36% in normal range and 21% in borderline. The psychological adjustment perception referred by participant’s caregivers evidences a low level in the social capacities due to the low participation and skills in diverse activities, without links with social character organizations, minimum social red and school performance out of the expected. Also, the majority of the sample reflects psychosomatic behavior problems, aggressiveness and anxiety, indicating a psychological maladjustment of internalized and externalized type

Cluster analysis and artificial neural networks to assess and diagnosis suicide ideation in school adolescents

El suicidio es considerado un problema de salud donde los adolescentes presentan mayor riesgo. Este trabajo desarrolló un método de valoración y pronóstico para el diagnóstico temprano de la ideación suicida en adolescentes escolarizados a través de técnicas multivariadas análisis de clúster y redes neuronales artificiales. Se analizaron variables relacionadas con pensamientos, planes y manifestaciones suicidas en (n=638) adolescentes. El análisis de clúster permitió identificar el 73.2% de los adolescentes con ideación suicida baja, 18.5% ideación suicida media y 8,3% con alta ideación suicida. Se diseñó una red neuronal con capacidad de clasificación correcta del 95,5%. El método propuesto tiene capacidad de discriminar y diagnosticar la ideación suicida en adolescentes escolarizados. Estos resultados buscan aportar a la construcción y desarrollo de iniciativas enfocadas a la detección temprana e intervención desde la implementación de políticas educativas y públicas para la prevención del suicidio en la adolescencia.Worldwide, suicide is considered a health problem where adolescents are most at risk. This work developed a method to assess and predict an early diagnosis of suicidal ideation among school adolescents through multivariate techniques: cluster analysis and artificial neural networks. Variables related to suicidal thoughts, plans and manifestation were analyzed in (n=638) adolescents. Cluster analysis identified 73.2% of adolescents with low suicidal ideation, 18.5% with medium suicidal ideation and 8.3% with high suicidal ideation. A neural network was designed with a correct classification capacity of 95.5%. The proposed method can discriminate and diagnose suicidal ideation in school adolescents. These results seek to create and develop initiatives focused on early detection and intervention to implementing educational and public policies preventing suicide among adolescents

Una mirada integrativa de intervención de la violencia en el noviazgo

La violencia en las relaciones de pareja en adultos es untema que ha sido profundamente investigado de forma centralizadao lineal desde el punto de vista de la relación víctima-victimario, agresor-agredido y posturas de género. En laactualidad, existen investigaciones sobre la violencia en lasrelaciones de noviazgo entre adolescentes, cuyos resultadosestadísticos no presentan diferencias entre el género. Sinembargo, se evidencia como un factor predominante, la presenciade violencia mutua o bidireccional y relacional. En estesentido, es de vital importancia ampliar la comprensión de laviolencia en la etapa del noviazgo durante la adolescenciacon la finalidad de generar nuevas contribuciones epistemológicasenfocadas en el abordaje investigativo del fenómenosocial, que direccionadas a la prevención de manifestacionesviolentas en la edad adulta. El objetivo del presente artículopretende mostrar los principales hallazgos de la revisión teóricasobre la violencia en el noviazgo en adolescentes desdeuna perspectiva bidireccional