Las matemáticas en el bachillerato a distancia: restricciones epistemológicas y pedagógicas

El mundo está experimentando una verdadera revolución en la difusión del conocimiento y en la mejora de la instrucción a través del avance de las tecnologías de la comunicación y la información. Esta es la tercera revolución en el aprendizaje, siendo la primera la invención del lenguaje escrito y la segunda el desarrollo de la imprenta y los libros. En la actualidad podemos encontrar enseñanza virtual en todos los niveles de enseñanza, es por ello que los sistemas educativos se enfrentan a grandes desafíos en la cada vez más demanda educación a distancia, con el propósito de proporcionar todo el espectro de servicios de educación para todos, en cualquier lugar y en cualquier momento con un enfoque centrado en un aprendizaje efectivo. A pesar de este gran desarrollo de la educación a distancia, no existen muchos estudios al respecto. La finalidad de este trabajo es estudiar las restricciones de orden epistemológico y pedagógico que puede presentar la enseñanza de las matemáticas en el bachillerato a distancia

Unsupervised machine learning approach for building composite indicators with fuzzy metrics

[EN] This study aims at developing a new methodological approach for building composite indicators, focusingon the weight schemes through an unsupervised machine learning technique. The composite indicatorproposed is based on fuzzy metrics to capture multidimensional concepts that do not have boundaries, suchas competitiveness, development, corruption or vulnerability. This methodology is designed for formativemeasurement models using a set of indicators measured on different scales (quantitative, ordinal and binary)and it is partially compensatory. Under a benchmarking approach, the single indicators are synthesized.The optimization method applied manages to remove the overlapping information provided for the singleindicators, so that the composite indicator provides a more realistic and faithful approximation to the conceptwhich would be studied. It has been quantitatively and qualitatively validated with a set of randomizeddatabases covering extreme and usual cases.This work was supported by the project FEDER-University of Granada (B-SEJ-242.UGR20), 2021-2023: An innovative methodological approach for measuring multidimensional poverty in Andalusia (COMPOSITE). Eduardo Jimenez-Fernandez would also like to thank the support received from Universitat Jaume I under the grant E-2018-03.Jiménez Fernández, E.; Sánchez, A.; Sánchez Pérez, EA. (2022). Unsupervised machine learning approach for building composite indicators with fuzzy metrics. Expert Systems with Applications. 200:1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2022.11692711120

Experimental scheme for unambiguous discrimination of linearly independent symmetric states

We propose an optimal discrimination scheme for a case of four linearly independent nonorthogonal symmetric quantum states, based on linear optics only. The probability of discrimination is in agreement with the optimal probability for unambiguous discrimination among N symmetric states [Phys. Lett. A \textbf{250}, 223 (1998)]. The experimental setup can be extended for the case of discrimination among $2^M$ nonorthogonal symmetric quantum states

Effect of the nature of exogenous organic matter on pesticide sorption by the soil

A study was carried out on the sorption of two sparingly water-soluble pesticides (diazinon and linuron) by a sandy loam soil modified with different exogenous organic materials (EOMs) containing humic like substances: city refuse compost (CRC), peat (P), commercial humic acid (HA), liquid humic acid (LHA) extracted from leonardite and two (non humic) model compounds (surfactants): tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TDTMA) and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) before and after 2 and 8 months incubation periods with the soil. In all cases, the isotherms fitted the Freundlich sorption equation (x/m=KCen), generally with r2 values greater than 0.99. The value of the sorption constant K for the natural soil was 8.81 for diazinon and 2.29 for linuron. These values increased significantly for EOM modified soils with respect to natural soil, with the exception of the samples modified with SDS and LHA, in which cases they decreased, possibly due to the micellar properties of these compounds. Incubation of EOMs with soil increased their sorption capacity: the Koc values were increased proportionally to the incubation time for both pesticides and for all treatments carried out. Accordingly, the sorption capacity of hydrophobic pesticides increases with the degree of evolution in the soil of EOMs with humic type compounds, possibly due, among other causes, to the increase in the EOMs colloidal properties and the modifications occurring in the hydrophobic- hydrophilic characteristics of the soil surfaces. The main conclusion is that application to the soil of solid carbon rich wastes, especially those with a high degree of maturity, may offer an important strategy for reducing pesticide leaching, and for eliminating pesticide residues from soil with the use of liquid humic acids.Peer reviewe

Quantum tomography via equidistant states

We study the possibility of performing quantum state tomography via equidistant states. This class of states allows us to propose a non-symmetric informationally complete POVM based tomographic scheme. The scheme is defined for odd dimensions and involves an inversion which can be analytically carried out by Fourier transform

Effect of the nature of exogenous organic matter on pesticide sorption by the soil

A study was carried out on the sorption of two sparingly water-soluble pesticides (diazinon and linuron) by a sandy loam soil modified with different exogenous organic materials (EOMs) containing humic like substances: city refuse compost (CRC), peat (P), commercial humic acid (HA), liquid humic acid (LHA) extracted from leonardite and two (non humic) model compounds (surfactants): tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TDTMA) and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) before and after 2 and 8 months incubation periods with the soil. In all cases, the isotherms fitted the Freundlich sorption equation (x/m=KCen), generally with r2 values greater than 0.99. The value of the sorption constant K for the natural soil was 8.81 for diazinon and 2.29 for linuron. These values increased significantly for EOM modified soils with respect to natural soil, with the exception of the samples modified with SDS and LHA, in which cases they decreased, possibly due to the micellar properties of these compounds. Incubation of EOMs with soil increased their sorption capacity: the Koc values were increased proportionally to the incubation time for both pesticides and for all treatments carried out. Accordingly, the sorption capacity of hydrophobic pesticides increases with the degree of evolution in the soil of EOMs with humic type compounds, possibly due, among other causes, to the increase in the EOMs colloidal properties and the modifications occurring in the hydrophobic- hydrophilic characteristics of the soil surfaces. The main conclusion is that application to the soil of solid carbon rich wastes, especially those with a high degree of maturity, may offer an important strategy for reducing pesticide leaching, and for eliminating pesticide residues from soil with the use of liquid humic acids.Peer reviewe