AVANCE DE INVESTIGACION: CONSTRUCCION DE CATEGORIAS DE ANALISIS PARA DETERMINAR LA INCLUSION DE LA EDUCACIÓN AMBIENTAL EN LA FORMACIÓN DE PROFESIONALES EN BIOLOGIA.

En esta investigación para lograr identificar como se encuentra incluida la Educación Ambiental en el programa de Biología de la Universidad del Tolima, se hace necesario plantear un sistema de categorías que permitan la construcción de instrumentos, interpretación y análisis de documentos y datos, así como la discusión de resultados. Para lograr el objetivo, se plantean tres categorías que engloban los diferentes temas que se deben tener en cuenta en un currículo ambientalizado: (A) concepción de ambiente, (B) tendencia en Educación Ambiental y (C) ambientalización curricular; y cada categoría cuenta con unas subcategorías que entre ellas se entrelazan y construyen la categoría superior y la unión de las categorías permiten diagnosticar el estado de la Educación Ambiental

Algunas cuestiones en torno al crédito agrario en Andalucía (1800-1936)

In this article the problems are exposed for the development of the agrarian credit in Andalusia before the Civil War. It is a topic little studied in the historiography, but of great importance in the analysis of the scarce regional agrarian development. We highlight the survival in traditional ways of credit in an imperfect market in which the relationships personal and old institutions like the "pósitos" prevail after the liberal reform. The problems are also approached for the development of the agricultural specialization and for the commercial agriculture for the absence of an efficient financial system, after the crisis of final of the 19th century. Finally, the difficulties are mentioned for the expansion of the credit low cooperative forms in Andalusia.En este artículo se analizan algunos de los problemas del desarrollo del crédito agrario en Andalucía antes de 1936. Se trata de un tema poco abordado por la historiografía regional, pero de gran importancia para completar el panorama de relativo atraso del sector. Se ha destacado la pervivencia de un mercado arcaico y poco eficiente, tras la reforma liberal, en el que las relaciones personales o vetustas instituciones, como los pósitos, siguen teniendo un papel relevante. Se ha prestado atención a las crecientes necesidades financieras de la limitada modernización agraria abordada en algunas áreas tras la Gran Depresión Finisecular. Finalmente, se realizan algunas consideraciones acerca del tardío y difícil desarrollo del cooperativismo de crédito agrario en Andalucía

Optimization tool to improve the management of the leakages and recovered energy in irrigation water systems

[EN] The use of pumps working as turbines is a new solution, which has been recently analysed to improve the water management in the different water systems. The improvement of sustainability involved with this use should be considered in these networks, and it focuses on the reduction of the consumption energy as well as the reduction of leakages. Both variables have a great influence on the rest of economical, technical and environmental indicators of network behavior, becoming key in their improvement. In this line, the research develops a methodology, which includes the estimation of the leakages in the different junctions and pipes as a function of the injected and registered volume data in the water. The present methodology proposes different operation scenarios according to leakages and it develops a double optimization procedure to locate and select the best recovery machines considering different objective functions. The methodology is applied to a real case study, which has serial data of water registered volume since 2001. The research shows the leakages influence in the operation points as well as the recovered energy. Different sustainable indicators are analysed for the different scenarios according to optimized procedures: The IRLGP index was defined as the ratio between reduction of the leakage volume for each installed power and it reached the annual value of 11,280.8 m3/kW; The optimized procedure establishes the significance to consider the leakages when the hydraulic machines are selected. Their best efficiency points increase to 195% and 205% compared to the ideal scenario without leakages.Funding for open access charge: CRUE-Universitat Politecnica de Valencia. This work was supported by the project SISIFO (Development of analytical tools to characterIze the Sustainability of hydraulic systems Indicators that deFine sustainable development Objectives) PID2020-114781RA-I00 from Spanish State Research Plan Scientific and Technical and Innovation 2017-2020.Macías Ávila, CA.; Sánchez-Romero, F.; López Jiménez, PA.; Pérez-Sánchez, M. (2021). Optimization tool to improve the management of the leakages and recovered energy in irrigation water systems. Agricultural Water Management. 258:1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2021.107223S11325

Definition of the Operational Curves by Modification of the Affinity Laws to Improve the Simulation of PATs

[EN] New technologies for water pressurized systems try to implement the introduction of strategies for the improvement of the sustainable indicators. One of these technologies is the implementation of pumps working as turbines. The use of these recovery machines was proposed some years ago, and the interest in this technology has increased over the last years. The simulation of these machines is necessary when analyzing pressurized water systems, or when optimization procedures are proposed for their management, great care must be taken. In these cases, the knowledge of the operation curves is crucial to reach accurate results. This study proposes different regression expressions to define three operational curves when the machines operate under variable rotational speed. These curves are the best efficiency head, the best power-head and the best power flow. The here proposed methods were compared with other five published methods. The comparison shows the proposed method was the best when it is compared with the rest of the published procedures, reducing the error values between 8 and 20%.Macías Ávila, CA.; Sánchez-Romero, F.; López Jiménez, PA.; Pérez-Sánchez, M. (2021). Definition of the Operational Curves by Modification of the Affinity Laws to Improve the Simulation of PATs. Water. 13(14):1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13141880S118131

Leakage Management and Pipe System Efficiency. Its Influence in the Improvement of the Efficiency Indexes

[EN] Water is one of the most valuable resources for humans. Worldwide, leakage levels in water distribution systems oscillate between 10% and 55%. This causes the need for constant repairs, economic losses, and risk to the health of users due to possible pathogenic intrusion. There are different methods for estimating the level of leakage in a network, depending on parameters such as service pressure, orifice size, age and pipe material. Sixty-two water distribution networks were analyzed to determine the leakage method used, the calibration method, and the percentage of existing leaks. Different efficiency indicators were proposed and evaluated using this database. Several cases of installation of pumps working as turbines (PATs) in water distribution networks were analyzed in which the use of these recovery systems caused a pressure drop, reducing the level of leaks and recovering energy.Macías Ávila, CA.; Sánchez-Romero, F.; López Jiménez, PA.; Pérez-Sánchez, M. (2021). Leakage Management and Pipe System Efficiency. Its Influence in the Improvement of the Efficiency Indexes. Water. 13(14):1-25. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13141909S125131

Efectos de un Programa de Mejoras de Conocimiento y Actitud sobre Prevención de Anemia en el Personal Responsable de la Promoción de la Salud. Región La Libertad, 2017.

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar el efecto de un Programa de mejoras de conocimiento y actitud sobre prevención de anemia en personal de salud responsable de Promoción de la salud. Región La Libertad, 2017. La población estuvo conformada por los responsables del área de Promoción de la Salud de cada provincia de La Región, con quienes se desarrollaron las capacitaciones las cuales se fomentaba la adquisición del conocimiento como el cambio positivo de actitud. Estas variables fueron evaluadas a través de una pre y posprueba. Los resultados fueron analizados mediante la prueba Wilcoxon con un nivel de significancia de p = 0.002 <0.05 con lo cual se acepta la hipótesis de estudio. Finalmente se concluye que La ejecución del programa de capacitación mejoró significativamente (p<0.05) el nivel de conocimientos y la actitud sobre las acciones de prevención de anemia infantil y en gestantes en el personal de salud responsable de Promoción de la Salud de la Región La Libertad 2017

Plataforma digital interactiva como modelo de gestión en el campo de la arquitectura e ingeniería: ecosistema parque natural de 'El Hondo'

Plataforma digital interactiva como modelo de gestión en el campo de la arquitectura e ingeniería: ecosistema parque natural de 'El Hondo

Study of the application of PCM to thermal insulation of UUV hulls using Network Simulation Method

The Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUV) designed for the detection and neutralization of naval mines are characterized by their high requirements regarding the reduction of the signatures of a vessel (thermal, acoustic, magnetic, etc.), all of them must be reduced in order not to be detected by the mines during the mission. This research work focuses on the reduction of the thermal signature transmitted by the UUV hull, where the use of phase change materials (PCM) is proposed as thermal insulation, placing it between the internal heat source of the UUV and the pressure hull, with the aim of drastically increasing the time in which the external face of the hull of the UUV is within a range of 3 °C and 5 °C temperature increase, allowing it to perform its mission without being detected by the thermal sensors of current naval mines. The simulation will be carried out using the Network Simulation Method for the resolution of the governing equations, which will allow the optimization of the necessary insulation thickness according to the required mission profile. In addition, it is proposed an expression that relates the PCM thickness and the time needed to reach a certain temperature increase

A puro vuelo: aves, territorio y ambiente.

El presente libro constituye un importante aporte no solo para el reconocimiento de las especies, sino también como material educativo. El foco puesto en el reconocimiento de las aves del entorno urbano proporciona una herramienta para su gestión y conservación, sumado a la valoración de la riqueza ornitológica de Colombia. Tanto los observadores de aves, educadores, entidades gubernamentales, científicos y ciudadanos podrán beneficiarse mediante su lectura, la cual también servirá como impulso a futuros trabajos en ecología urbana