11,991 research outputs found
Social security and the search behaviour of workers approaching retirement
This paper explores the links between unemployment, retirement and their associated public insurance programs. It is a contribution to a growing body of literature focused on a better understanding of the labor behavior of advanced—age workers, which has gained importance as the pension crisis looms. The analysis combines the development of a new theoretical model and a detailed exploration of the empirical regularities using the Spanish Muestra Continua de Vidas Laborales (MCVL) dataset. The model is a extension of the standard search model, designed to reproduce the non—stationary environment faced by workers approaching retirement and to explore the interaction of unemployment benefits and retirement pensions. Via calibrated simulations we show that the basic empirical reemployment and retirement patterns can be rationalized as the optimal responses to both the labor market conditions and the institutional incentives. Generous Unemployment Benefits (for durations of up to two years) together with very significant early retirement penalties, make optimal to stay unemployed without searching for large groups of unemployed workers. This moral hazard problem can he substantially alleviated through institutional reform. Setting the early retirement penalties according to the age when the individual withdraws from the labor force (rather than when he/she claims the pension for the first time) seems particularly beneficial. It increases the labor supply, reduces the financial cost for the social security system and generate enough extra resources to compensate for the welfare loss of those unemployed directly hit by the reform.Unemployment search, job benefit, retirement
Social Security and the search behaviour of workers approaching retirement
This paper explores the links between unemployment, retirement and their associated public insurance programs. It is a contribution to a growing body of literature focused on a better understanding of the labor behavior of advanced-age workers, which has gained importance as the pension crisis looms. It also contributes to the literature of optimal unemployment insurance by exploring the interaction of unemployment benefits and retirement pensions. The analysis combines the development of a new theoretical model and a detailed exploration of the empirical regularities using the Spanish Muestra Continua de Vidas Laborales (MCVL) dataset. The model is an extension of the standard search model, designed to reproduce the non-stationary environment faced by workers of advanced ages (in the age range 50/65). Via calibrated simulations we show that the basic empirical re-employment and retirement patterns can be considered as rational responses to both the labor market conditions and the institutional incentives. Generous Unemployment Benefits (for durations of up to two years) together with very significant early retirement penalties, make optimal to stay unemployed without searching for large groups of unemployed workers. This moral hazard problem can be substantially alleviated through institutional reform. We explore several potential reforms and find that changing the details of early retirement pensions seems more promising than changing the Unemployment Benefit system.Unemployment, Retirement, Search models
The complex structure of HH 110 as revealed from Integral Field Spectroscopy
HH 110 is a rather peculiar Herbig-Haro object in Orion that originates due
to the deflection of another jet (HH 270) by a dense molecular clump, instead
of being directly ejected from a young stellar object. Here we present new
results on the kinematics and physical conditions of HH 110 based on Integral
Field Spectroscopy. The 3D spectral data cover the whole outflow extent (~4.5
arcmin, ~0.6 pc at a distance of 460 pc) in the spectral range 6500-7000 \AA.
We built emission-line intensity maps of H, [NII] and [SII] and of
their radial velocity channels. Furthermore, we analysed the spatial
distribution of the excitation and electron density from [NII]/H,
[SII]/H, and [SII] 6716/6731 integrated line-ratio maps, as well as
their behaviour as a function of velocity, from line-ratio channel maps. Our
results fully reproduce the morphology and kinematics obtained from previous
imaging and long-slit data. In addition, the IFS data revealed, for the first
time, the complex spatial distribution of the physical conditions (excitation
and density) in the whole jet, and their behaviour as a function of the
kinematics. The results here derived give further support to the more recent
model simulations that involve deflection of a pulsed jet propagating in an
inhomogeneous ambient medium. The IFS data give richer information than that
provided by current model simulations or laboratory jet experiments. Hence,
they could provide valuable clues to constrain the space parameters in future
theoretical works.Comment: 12 pages, 15 figures Accepted in MNRA
Symmetry limit properties of a priori mixing amplitudes for non-leptonic and weak radiative decays of hyperons
We show that the so-called parity-conserving amplitudes predicted in the a
priori mixing scheme for non-leptonic and weak radiative decays of hyperons
vanish in the strong-flavor symmetry limit
Mirror matter admixtures in K_S to gamma gamma
The latest measurement of the K_S to gamma gamma branching ratio clearly
shows an enhancement over the current theoretical prediction. As in other K and
B meson decays, this invites to consider the possibility of the contribution of
new physics. We study a particular form of the latter, which may be referred to
as manifest mirror symmetry. The experimental data are described using
previously determined values for the mixing angles of the admixtures of mirror
matter in ordinary hadrons and by assuming that for pi^0, eta, eta', the mirror
decay amplitudes have the same magnitudes as their ordinary counterparts
Integral Field Spectroscopy of HH 262: The Spectral Atlas
HH 262 is a group of emitting knots displaying an "hour-glass" morphology in
the Halpha and [SII] lines, located 3.5' to the northeast of the young stellar
object L1551-IRS5, in Taurus. We present new results of the kinematics and
physical conditions of HH 262 based on Integral Field Spectroscopy covering a
field of 1.5'x3', which includes all the bright knots in HH 262. These data
show complex kinematics and significant variations in physical conditions over
the mapped region of HH 262 on a spatial scale of <3". A new result derived
from the IFS data is the weakness of the [NII] emission (below detection limit
in most of the mapped region of HH 262), including the brightest central knots.
Our data reinforce the association of HH 262 with the redshifted lobe of the
evolved molecular outflow L1551-IRS5. The interaction of this outflow with a
younger one, powered by L1551 NE, around the position of HH 262 could give rise
to the complex morphology and kinematics of HH 262.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRA
Deep into the Water Fountains: The case of IRAS 18043-2116
(Abridged) The formation of large-scale (hundreds to few thousands of AU)
bipolar structures in the circumstellar envelopes (CSEs) of post-Asymptotic
Giant Branch (post-AGB) stars is poorly understood. The shape of these
structures, traced by emission from fast molecular outflows, suggests that the
dynamics at the innermost regions of these CSEs does not depend only on the
energy of the radiation field of the central star. Deep into the Water
Fountains is an observational project based on the results of programs carried
out with three telescope facilities: The Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array
(JVLA), The Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA), and the Very Large
Telescope (SINFONI-VLT). Here we report the results of the observations towards
the WF nebula IRAS 180432116: Detection of radio continuum emission in the
frequency range 1.5GHz - 8.0GHz; HO maser spectral features and radio
continuum emission detected at 22GHz, and H ro-vibrational emission lines
detected at the near infrared. The high-velocity HO maser spectral
features, and the shock-excited H emission detected could be produced in
molecular layers which are swept up as a consequence of the propagation of a
jet-driven wind. Using the derived H column density, we estimated a
molecular mass-loss rate of the order of Myr. On the
other hand, if the radio continuum flux detected is generated as a consequence
of the propagation of a thermal radio jet, the mass-loss rate associated to the
outflowing ionized material is of the order of 10Myr.
The presence of a rotating disk could be a plausible explanation for the
mass-loss rates estimated.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in A&
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