Sistema de acciones con enfoque bioético a cuidadores de pacientes oncogeriátricos con ingreso domiciliario

Introduction: the first cause of death in elderly are oncological diseases, which require quality in the performance of the caregiver with a bioethical approach at home.Objective: to design a system of actions with a bioethical focus for caregivers of oncogeriatric patients with advanced stages of the disease and home admission.Methods: a descriptive, transversal and observational study was carried out at the "Marta Abreu de Estévez" University Polyclinic in the Municipality of Santa Clara from September 2018 to June 2019. The universe was made up of the 12 primary caretakers of oncogeriatric patients in an advanced stage of the disease admitted to the home. In order to obtain the information, documentary analysis and the application of a survey were used to measure knowledge in caregivers related to care with a bioethical approach, prior informed consent.Results: predominantly female between 50 and 59 years old, and low and high level of schooling. Learning needs were identified for palliative care with bioethical approach at home, which allowed the design of the system of actions to face this stage of life.Conclusions: Insufficient instruction was identified in caregivers about bioethical knowledge in the care of the elderly in advanced stages with oncological disease. It was pertinent to design a system of psycho-educational actions to be implemented by the health team that would contribute to the performance of the caregivers with greater quality and would respect bioethical principles during life and human dignity as the most sacred of rights.Introducción: la primera causa de muerte en los gerontes son las enfermedades oncológicas, que requieren de calidad en la actuación del cuidador con enfoque bioético en el domicilio.Objetivo: diseñar un sistema de acciones con enfoque bioético para cuidadores de pacientes oncogeriátricos con estado avanzado de la enfermedad e ingreso domiciliario.Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal y observacional en el Policlínico Universitario “Marta Abreu de Estévez” del Municipio Santa Clara desde septiembre de 2018 a junio de 2019. El universo estuvo constituido por los 12 cuidadores primarios de pacientes oncogeriátricos en fase avanzada de la enfermedad ingresados en el hogar. Para obtener la información se utilizaron el análisis documental y la aplicación de encuesta para medir conocimientos en cuidadores relacionados con la atención con enfoque bioético, previo consentimiento informado.Resultados: predominó el sexo femenino entre 50 y 59 años, y nivel bajo y superior de escolaridad. Se identificaron necesidades de aprendizaje para la atención paliativa con enfoque bioético en el domicilio, lo que permitió el diseño del sistema de acciones para enfrentar esta etapa de la vida.Conclusiones: se identificaron insuficiencias de instrucción en los cuidadores sobre conocimientos bioéticos en la atención al adulto mayor en estadio avanzado con enfermedad oncológica. Fue pertinente el diseño de un sistema de acciones psicoeducativo a implementar por el equipo de salud que contribuya al desempeño de los cuidadores con mayor calidad y respete los principios bioéticos durante la vida y la dignidad humana como el más sagrado de los derechos

Risk factors and typification of suicidal behavior in adolescence, its community focus

Introducción: dentro de las tres causas de muerte más frecuentes en adolescentes de 15 y más años de edad se encuentra el suicidio.Objetivo: caracterizar los factores de riesgo y la tipificación de la conducta suicida en adolescentes dispensarizados en la atención primaria desde el enfoque comunitario.Métodos: se realizó en el Policlínico “Marta Abreu” un estudio descriptivo, transversal y observacional desde enero de 2016 a diciembre de 2018 con una población de 72 adolescentes. Se utilizaron el análisis documental y la aplicación de encuesta para caracterizar los riesgos y tipificar en caso de intento suicida previo consentimiento informado familiar y adolescente.Resultados: predominó el sexo masculino en edades comprendidas entre 13 y 15 años, con factores de riesgo individual, familiar y escolar, el método de empleo fue el consumo de tabletas.Conclusiones: factores de riesgo más frecuentes: un miembro de su familia se embriaga frecuentemente, acoso en la escuela, no le gusta estudiar y dificultades en la relación con los padres. El sexo masculino resultó el más significativo en el intento, con método de letalidad riesgosa no letal, gravedad moderada de la circunstancia y poco serio con la ingestión de fármacos, con gran importancia desde su enfoque comunitario y atención multidisciplinaria.Introduction: suicide is one of the three most frequent causes of death in adolescents aged 15 and over.Objectives: to characterize the risk factors and the typification of suicidal behavior in adolescents registered in primary care from the community approach.Methods: a descriptive, transversal and observational study was carried out at Policlinic "Marta Abreu" from January 2016 to December 2018 with a population of 72 adolescents. Documentary analysis and survey were used to characterize the risks and typify in the case of a suicide attempt with the prior informed consent of the family and the adolescent.Results: male sex predominated in ages 13 to 15, with individual, family and school risk factors, the method of use was the consumption of tablets.Conclusions: most frequent risk factors: a family member gets drunk frequently, bullying at school, does not like to study, and difficulties in the relationship with parents. The male sex was the most significant in the attempt, with a non-lethal method of risk lethality, moderate severity of the circumstance and not very serious with the ingestion of drugs, with great importance from its community approach and multidisciplinary care

AHSPeR: Adaptive Hypermedia System Oriented Toward Personalization of Readings Plans

The phenomenon of Internet has brought a wide range of communication possibilities and thus a rapid growth of digitized information. Each day the user is overwhelmed with the vast information obtained during the search process, which can hardly identify those that have greater relevance to their information need With the aim of facing this problem, an authoring tool of adaptive hypermedia system, oriented toward the personalization of readings plans in a learning environment, was developed with a view to assessing its effectiveness and the user's satisfaction vis-à-vis the proposed adaptation algorithm. This application is based on clustering algorithms and adaptation rules to adjust the user's model to contents and objects of study. Research is conducted according to the action-research methodology. The system was accepted by 89.5% of the sample assessment using the Technology Acceptance Model TAM

AHSPeR: Adaptive Hypermedia System Oriented Toward Personalization of Readings Plans

The phenomenon of Internet has brought a wide range of communication possibilities and thus a rapid growth of digitized information. Each day the user is overwhelmed with the vast information obtained during the search process, which can hardly identify those that have greater relevance to their information need With the aim of facing this problem, an authoring tool of adaptive hypermedia system, oriented toward the personalization of readings plans in a learning environment, was developed with a view to assessing its effectiveness and the user's satisfaction vis-à-vis the proposed adaptation algorithm. This application is based on clustering algorithms and adaptation rules to adjust the user's model to contents and objects of study. Research is conducted according to the action-research methodology. The system was accepted by 89.5% of the sample assessment using the Technology Acceptance Model TAM

Conocimientos de accidentes cerebrovasculares y sus factores de riesgo en adultos mayores

Introduction: worldwide, cerebrovascular accidents constitute a health problem with a growing tendency. Due to the impact of the high socioeconomic cost of this disease on the health system of any nation because of its high mortality and its colossal disabling sequel, it is particularly important to establish immediate preventive actions.Objective: to describe the level of knowledge about cerebrovascular accident and its risk factors in older adults.Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in patients of the Polyclinic “Marta Abreu” from January to December 2019, the study population consisted of 120 patients dispensed with stroke risk factor, all constituted the study sample. They were administered a questionnaire on knowledge of cerebrovascular accidents and their risk factors. Descriptive statistical techniques were applied, absolute and relative frequencies were calculated and simple statistical tables were constructed to describe the behavior of the variables under study.Results: patients between 60 and 69 years of age, female (36, 30%), hypertension among the well-documented modifiable risk factors (114, 95%) and diabetes (54, 45%) among the well-documented potentially modifiable risk factors predominated.Conclusions: older adults between 60 and 69 years of age were more frequent, of female sex and with ignorance about the types of cerebrovascular accidents, complications and their risk factors.Introducción: a escala mundial los accidentes cerebrovasculares constituyen un problema de salud con tendencia creciente. Debido al impacto que tiene el elevado costo socioeconómico de esta enfermedad sobre el sistema de salud de cualquier nación por su elevada mortalidad y por sus colosales secuelas invalidantes cobra singular importancia el establecer acciones de prevención inmediatas.Objetivo: describir el nivel de conocimientos sobre el accidente cerebrovascular y sus factores de riesgo en los adultos mayores.Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal en pacientes del Policlínico “Marta Abreu” de enero a diciembre de 2019, la población objeto de estudio estuvo integrada por 120 pacientes dispensarizados con factor de riesgo de accidente cerebrovascular, todos constituyeron la muestra estudio. Se les aplicó un cuestionario sobre conocimientos de accidentes cerebrovasculares y sus factores de riesgo. Se aplicaron técnicas de la estadística descriptiva, se calcularon las frecuencias absolutas y relativas y se construyeron tablas estadísticas sencillas que describieron el comportamiento de las variables en estudio.Resultados: predominaron los pacientes de 60 a 69 años de edad, del sexo femenino (36, 30%), la hipertensión arterial entre los factores de riesgo bien documentados modificables (114, 95%) y la diabetes (54, 45%) entre los bien documentados potencialmente modificables.Conclusiones: fueron más frecuentes los adultos mayores entre los 60 y 69 años de edad, del sexo femenino y con desconocimientos sobre los tipos de accidentes cerebrovasculares, las complicaciones y sus factores de riesgo