L’esport com a mitjà per al foment de l’esportivitat: un programa educatiu en centres escolars alabesos

Aquest article presenta una experiència de treball continu, durant el curs acadèmic 2009-2010, per al foment de l’esportivitat i la prevenció de la violència en l’esport en edat escolar, inclosa en el programa d’esport escolar de la Diputació Foral d’Àlaba. Hi han participat els agents directes (entrenadors, pares i mares, joves esportistes i àrbitres) i indirectes (responsables institucionals, esportistes d’elit i mitjans de comunicació) que envolten els joves esportistes de 10 centres escolars de la província d’Àlaba. S’han implementat tres estratègies –1) “gest esportiu”; 2) tallers formatius, i 3) activitat del “world café”–, amb l’objectiu de reduir la incidència de comportaments antiesportius en els contextos esportius en edat escolar, fomentant subsegüentment els comportaments d’esportivitat. Els resultats mostren que els participants consideren que cadascuna de les accions implementades són útils per millorar la qualitat esportiva en els contextos esportius escolars

Sport as a Means to Promote Sportsmanship: an Educational Program for Schools in Álava

LCC Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObraDerivada 3.0 España[EN] This paper presents a continuous work experience, during the academic year 2009-2010, to promote sportsmanship and the prevention of violence in sport at school, included in the school sports program of the Provincial Council of Álava. Both direct agents (coaches, parents, young athletes and referees) and indirect agents (institutional leaders, elite athletes and media) familiar to the young athletes from 10 schools in the province of Álava participated. Three strategies were implemented: 1) "sporting gesture", 2) training workshops and, 3) the activity of the "world café", which aimed to reduce the incidence of unsportsmanlike behaviour in sporting contexts at school, subsequently promoting good sportsmanship. The results show that participants consider that each of the actions implemented are useful for improving the quality of sports school environments.[ES] Este artículo presenta una experiencia de trabajo continuo, durante el curso académico 2009-2010, para el fomento de la deportividad y la prevención de la violencia en el deporte en edad escolar, incluido en el programa de deporte escolar de la Diputación Foral de Álava. Han participado los agentes directos (entrenadores, padres y madres, jóvenes deportistas y árbitros) e indirectos (responsables institucionales, deportistas de élite y medios de comunicación) que rodean a los jóvenes deportistas, de 10 centros escolares de la provincia de Álava. Se han implementado tres estrategias: 1) “gesto deportivo”; 2) talleres formativos, y 3) la actividad del “world café”, con el objetivo de reducir la incidencia de comportamientos antideportivos en los contextos deportivos en edad escolar, fomentando subsiguientemente los comportamientos de deportividad. Los resultados muestran que los participantes consideran que cada una de las acciones implementadas son útiles para mejorar la calidad deportiva en los contextos deportivos escolares

Evaluation of the Sportsmanship-Aggression Continuum in Youth Football

8 p.[ENG] Given the importance of sport in modern society, it is essential that appropriate instruments are available for the assessment of both fair play and unfair play in the sport of football, particularly in the context of youth football. This research study presents the findings from the implementation of a protocol intended to assess fair play during football matches across three seasons. The study included 64 teams, 1192 players, 64 coaches and 292 referees all of whom were involved in the First Cadet category of the Football Federation of Álava (FFA). The measurement instrument employed was the Record of Football Match Evaluations (RFME) developed by Gimeno, Sáenz, Ariño and Aznar (2007). The results revealed that there was a high level of fair play at this level of play which extended to referees, coaches and players across the seasons of interest; there was a greater frequency of fair play attitudes relative to unfair play attitudes; home teams that were victorious were judged to have the most favorable fair play attitudes; and there was a negative correlation between perceived fair play and the number of cards shown by referees. The instrument 1) allowed for the effective utilization of a tool to assess fair play in youth football; 2) was effective for use over the course of the season; and 3) provided knowledge about the social agents who initiate inappropriate and unsportsmanlike acts during football matches for of school age youth, which enables consideration of appropriate counter measures.[ES] Dada la trascendencia que tiene en nuestra sociedad el deporte, en especial el fútbol desde edades muy tempranas, se hace necesario que los gestores de las competiciones dispongan de herramientas que permitan evaluar los comportamientos de deportividad y no deportividad que se observan en contextos deportivos de fútbol. En la presente investigación, se muestra la implementación de un protocolo de evaluación continua de la deportividad en los partidos de fútbol, durante tres temporadas deportivas. Participaron 64 equipos; 1192 futbolistas, 64 entrenadores y 292 árbitros, de la categoría primera cadete de la Federación Alavesa de Fútbol (F.A.F.). El instrumento de recogida de información utilizado fue el “Registro de Evaluación de Partidos de Fútbol” (REPF) (Gimeno, Sáenz, Ariño y Aznar, 2007). Los resultados re"ejan: puntuaciones positivas, en relación a la deportividad de árbitros, entrenadores y jugadores en cada una de las temporadas evaluadas; una mayor frecuencia de actitudes y conductas deportivas en comparación con las no-deportivas; una mayor percepción de deportividad en aquellos partidos en los que el equipo local es el ganador; y una correlación negativa entre la percepción de deportividad de un partido y el número de tarjetas mostradas por los árbitros. Como conclusión, se puede a#rmar que el instrumento que se presenta permite: 1. Utilizar una herramienta de evaluación especí#ca de la deportividad para la disciplina del fútbol en edad escolar; 2. Evaluar la deportividad a lo largo de toda la temporada; 3. Identi#car los agentes que presentan comportamientos inadecuados durante la práctica deportiva de los jóvenes deportistas, pudiendo proponer las mejores medidas de intervenció

Evaluation of the Sportsmanship-Aggression Continuum in Youth Football

8 p.[ENG] Given the importance of sport in modern society, it is essential that appropriate instruments are available for the assessment of both fair play and unfair play in the sport of football, particularly in the context of youth football. This research study presents the findings from the implementation of a protocol intended to assess fair play during football matches across three seasons. The study included 64 teams, 1192 players, 64 coaches and 292 referees all of whom were involved in the First Cadet category of the Football Federation of Álava (FFA). The measurement instrument employed was the Record of Football Match Evaluations (RFME) developed by Gimeno, Sáenz, Ariño and Aznar (2007). The results revealed that there was a high level of fair play at this level of play which extended to referees, coaches and players across the seasons of interest; there was a greater frequency of fair play attitudes relative to unfair play attitudes; home teams that were victorious were judged to have the most favorable fair play attitudes; and there was a negative correlation between perceived fair play and the number of cards shown by referees. The instrument 1) allowed for the effective utilization of a tool to assess fair play in youth football; 2) was effective for use over the course of the season; and 3) provided knowledge about the social agents who initiate inappropriate and unsportsmanlike acts during football matches for of school age youth, which enables consideration of appropriate counter measures.[ES] Dada la trascendencia que tiene en nuestra sociedad el deporte, en especial el fútbol desde edades muy tempranas, se hace necesario que los gestores de las competiciones dispongan de herramientas que permitan evaluar los comportamientos de deportividad y no deportividad que se observan en contextos deportivos de fútbol. En la presente investigación, se muestra la implementación de un protocolo de evaluación continua de la deportividad en los partidos de fútbol, durante tres temporadas deportivas. Participaron 64 equipos; 1192 futbolistas, 64 entrenadores y 292 árbitros, de la categoría primera cadete de la Federación Alavesa de Fútbol (F.A.F.). El instrumento de recogida de información utilizado fue el “Registro de Evaluación de Partidos de Fútbol” (REPF) (Gimeno, Sáenz, Ariño y Aznar, 2007). Los resultados re"ejan: puntuaciones positivas, en relación a la deportividad de árbitros, entrenadores y jugadores en cada una de las temporadas evaluadas; una mayor frecuencia de actitudes y conductas deportivas en comparación con las no-deportivas; una mayor percepción de deportividad en aquellos partidos en los que el equipo local es el ganador; y una correlación negativa entre la percepción de deportividad de un partido y el número de tarjetas mostradas por los árbitros. Como conclusión, se puede a#rmar que el instrumento que se presenta permite: 1. Utilizar una herramienta de evaluación especí#ca de la deportividad para la disciplina del fútbol en edad escolar; 2. Evaluar la deportividad a lo largo de toda la temporada; 3. Identi#car los agentes que presentan comportamientos inadecuados durante la práctica deportiva de los jóvenes deportistas, pudiendo proponer las mejores medidas de intervenció

Protocolo de prevención de partidos de riesgo: una experiencia aplicada para la prevención de la violencia en el fútbol base

[EN] This study presents an applied experience which takes part of a program on prevention of the violence in soccer in school age. The aim was the acquisition of the commitment of the trainers involved in matches considered as non sportive, in the fulfillment of sportive behavior guidelines. To achieve this aim, a meeting was carried out by the trainers of the equipments that led violent incidents in the first round of the league, with the presidents of these equipments, with representatives of the local football Federation and with representatives of the Committee of referees. From this meeting it was intended: 1) to reduce the probability of aggressive and violent incidents; 2) to promote a relation of cooperation between the entities of the teams that led non sportive incidents, and the referee group; and 3) Make the sports context be a protector to prevent non sportive behaviors. The results of this study reflect that the participation had a positive effect in the improvement of the sportsmanship in the return football matches of the league.[ES] En este estudio se presenta una experiencia aplicada que forma parte de un programa de prevención de la violencia en el fútbol base. El objetivo era la adquisición del compromiso de los entrenadores implicados en partidos considerados como no deportivos, en el cumplimiento de unas pautas de conducta deportivas. Para ello, se llevó a cabo una reunión con los entrenadores de los equipos que protagonizaron incidentes violentos en la primera vuelta de la liga, con los presidentes de estos equipos, con representantes de la Federación Alavesa de Fútbol y con representantes del Comité Arbitral. A partir de esta reunión se pretendía: 1) reducir la probabilidad de ocurrencia de incidentes agresivos y violentos; 2) fomentar una relación de cooperación entre las entidades de los equipos que protagonizaron incidentes no deportivos y el colectivo arbitral; y 3) hacer del contexto deportivo un protector que prevenga de comportamientos antideportivos. Los resultados de este estudio reflejan que la participación tuvo un efecto positivo en la mejora de la deportividad en los partidos de fútbol de la segunda vuelta de la liga

Socioeconomic status, parental support, motivation and self-confidence in youth competitive sport

World Conference on Psychology and Sociology 2012CC BY-NC-ND[EN] The relationship between family and competitive sport and its complex interactions has been studied as a key factor by several authors. However, many questions about how psychological, cultural and social variables interact have been unanswered. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between socioeconomic status and perceived parental support in young athletes of a high performance center and subsequently, with motivation and self-confidence, as these two variables have been identified as relevant by previous research.For this purpose, and with a DEXPLOS design, a parental support scale was made. It resulted in a six items scale whose discriminative capacity in addition to its internal consistency was high (Cronbach Alpha =0.84). Firstly, an open-ended-questionnaire (qualitative phase) was filled out by 346 youth athletes, measuring socioeconomic status (residence, parents' educational level, parents' job and income) besides athlete's parental support perception. These answers were analyzed by judge agreement to lead into a quantitative close-endquestionnaire, which was completed in a five-interval Likert scale by 209 people. Furthermore, motivation and selfconfidence were evaluated through the Questionnaire of Psychological Characteristics involved in Sport Performance s relacionadas con el Rendimiento Deportivo -CPRD) in order to review whether the perception of parental support or its lack is reflected in these two relevant psychological variables for sport performance.Results show that there exists a positive relationship between parental support and status (living in a singleparent family because of divorce or abandonment, the s specific aspects of self-confidence during competition and motivati not only help to explain the concept but it can also be a useful tool for coaches, sport managers and administrators in their daily job with sport yout

La actividad del World Café, una herramienta para la evaluación y desarrollo de los valores en el deporte escolar

[ES] El presente trabajo presenta una experiencia aplicada que pretende conocer las opiniones, de los agentes sociales que rodean a los jóvenes deportistas, para la promoción de valores. A través de la actividad del World Café, los agentes sociales implicados en el deporte escolar aportaron orientaciones enfocadas a mejorar la calidad educativa del deporte. Un grupo de 56 participantes [padres/madres (8), árbitros (8), profesores de educación física (8), entrenadores (8), deportistas de élite (8), deportistas escolares (8) y representantes institucionales (8)] debatieron, desde su perspectiva, cómo consideraban que podían ayudar en la promoción de valores en los contextos deportivos escolares en los que participan. Entre los resultados más relevantes destacan, la necesidad de concretar desde el propio centro escolar los valores que se pretenden promocionar a través del deporte; en segundo lugar, la importancia de llevar a cabo una coordinación entre los agentes directos que rodean a los jóvenes deportistas; y finalmente, llevar a cabo una formación dirigida a monitores y padres/madres, que les permita adquirir herramientas adecuadas para la promoción de valores.[EN] This article outlines an applied experience that aimed to find out the views of the social agents that have contact with young athletes, in order to facilitate the promotion of values. Through the activities of the World Café, the social agents involved in school sports came to share their experience in order to look from all the different angles at how the educational quality of sport can be improved. A group of 56 participants [parents (8), referees (8), physical education teachers (8), sports coaches (8), elite athletes (8), school athletes (8) and institutional representatives (8)] gave their points of view on how they considered that they could help in the promotion of values in the context of the school sports in which they take part. Among the most noteworthy results was the need for the school centre itself to set out very clearly the values that they strive to promote through sport. Secondly, the importance was underlined of coordination between the agents that have direct contact with the young sportspeople. Lastly, the advisability of carrying out training sessions aimed at monitors and parents was highlighted, to enable them to acquire the necessary tools for the promotion of value

Prevención de la agresividad y la violencia en el deporte en edad escolar: un estudio de revisión

Este trabajo presenta una revision de la literatura sobre prevencion de la agresividad y la violencia en el deporte en edad escolar, durante el periodo temporal de 1996 a 2011. Los documentos sobre esta tematica fueron identificados en las bases de datos SportDiscus, PsycINFO, Psicodoc y Dialnet. Con la informacion obtenida fueron realizados dos tipos de analisis: (1) analisis bibliometrico mediante el que se han podido obtener resultados referentes a programas a nivel nacional e internacional, que se han implementado para la prevencion de comportamientos agresivos y violentos en los contextos deportivos en edad escolar; y (2) analisis de contenido, a traves del cual se ha hecho un analisis de las siguientes categorias: eje tematico de los documentos revisados, agentes a los que se dirigen las acciones preventivas, momento de la accion preventiva y tipo de estrategia de prevencion implementada

Ethnography as a linking method between psychology and sociology: research design

World Conference on Psychology and Sociology 2012CC BY-NC-ND[EN] Ethnography is one of the most relevant methods in qualitative research, and both psychology and sociology use qualitative methods in their research. This is essential when the purpose is to keep the historical memory of different population in relation to facts or experiences from the past. In a first phase, ethnography could expedite study's variables description. Based on the implication of the variable's conceptualization obtained by this first qualitative phase (ethnographic), in subsequent phases of the research, researchers might deepen in the concepts still using descriptive methodology but quantitative, which is typical of both psychology and sociology, for instance, in the quiz methodology. The aim of this study is to show how ethnography can be a relevant method in both psychological and sociologic research when they interact to explain facts and experiences from the past.To illustrate this thought, a study on women who practiced sport in the Spanish dictatorship period (1936-1975) would be shown to explain the variable determination through ethnography methods as life story and in-depth interview. Twenty four Spanish women who practiced sport (in different regions, from different socioeconomic levels, either rural or urban residence and between leisure and competitive sport level) were interviewed to accomplish information about their personal and sport life. This material was ethnographic analyzed to categorize it into five dimensions which explain part of the women experiences in that convulsed period. The categories or dimensions derived were aesthetics, culture, nutrition, community and morality, and showed agreements and disagreements in their perception reflecting a complex women world where sport was a liberating activity as well as a relevant experience which has traced in their personalities and has not only influenced them, but also their progeny life

Prevenção da agressividade e da violência em esporte na idade escolar: um estudo de revisão Alfredo

Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObraDerivada 3.0 España (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 ES)[ES] Este trabajo presenta una revisión de la literatura sobre prevención de la agresividad y la violencia en el deporte en edad escolar, durante el período temporal de 1996 a 2011. Los documentos sobre esta temática fueron identificados en las bases de datos SportDiscus, PsycINFO, Psicodoc y Dialnet. Con la información obtenida fueron realizados dos tipos de análisis: (1) análisis bibliométrico mediante el que se han podido obtener resultados referentes a programas a nivel nacional e internacional, que se han implementado para la prevención de comportamientos agresivos y violentos en los contextos deportivos en edad escolar; y (2) análisis de contenido, a través del cual se ha hecho un análisis de las siguientes categorías: eje temático de los documentos revisados, agentes a los que se dirigen las acciones preventivas, momento de la acción preventiva y tipo de estrategia de prevención implementada.[EN] This work presents a review of the literature on prevention of the aggressiveness and the violence in the sport in school age, during 1996 to 2011. The documents on this subject matter were identified in the following databases: SportDiscus, PsycINFO, Psicodoc and Dialnet. With the information obtained two types of analysis were realized: (1) Bibliometrical analysis by means of that it has been possible to get results relating to both national and international programs that have been implemented for the prevention of aggressive and violent behaviors in the sports contexts in school age; and (2) A content analysis, through which an analysis was made of the following categories: central theme of the documents reviewed, agents that target preventive action, preventive action time and type of prevention strategy implemented.[POR] Esse estudo consta de uma revisão da literatura sobre a prevenção da agressividade e da violencia em esportes na idade escolar, durante o período entre 1996 e 2001. Os documentos sobre esse tema foram encontrados nas bases de dados SportDiscus, PsycINFO, Psicodoc y Dialnet. Foram realizados dois tipos de analises com a informação obtida: (1) analises bibliométrico sendo possível obter os resultados referentes a programas de nível nacional e internacional, que foi implementada para a prevenção de comportamentos agressivos e violentos no contexto esportivo da idade escolar; (2) analises do conteúdo, momento da ação preventiva e tipo de estratégia de prevenção implementada