Unwinding Public Interventions in the Financial Sector: An Emerging Market Economy\u27s Perspective

Presentation at the IMF High-Level Conference by Manuel S¡nchez, Deputy Governor of the Bank of Mexico

Propuesta de aplicaci?n del Vendor Managed Inventory, como pol?tica de gesti?n de inventarios en una empresa concesionaria de gas natural en el sector dom?stico en Lima Metropolitana y Callao

La presente Tesis tiene como objetivo explorar conceptos relacionados con el modelamiento de est?ndares y buenas pr?cticas a trav?s de herramientas como el modelo de referencia SCOR y conceptos claves como VMI y an?lisis financiero, con el fin de realizar una propuesta de mejora en la cadena de suministro para una empresa concesionaria de gas natural. La propuesta se enfoca en la reducci?n de los d?as de inventario y la optimizaci?n del costo en sus operaciones sin afectar el nivel de servicio. La tesis tiene como referente a una empresa concesionaria de gas natural que opera en Lima Metropolitana y Callao, la cual tiene un contrato de concesi?n del sistema de distribuci?n de gas natural por un periodo de 33 a?os, susceptibles de pr?rroga, a trav?s de un contrato de concesi?n, que incluye todas las etapas necesarias para poner en marcha el servicio

El reducido nivel de participaci?n de las medianas empresas en el mercado alternativo de valores como fuente de financiamiento para satisfacer sus necesidades de liquidez en el corto plazo

El ?xito del sector empresarial en el Per? depende en gran medida de las diversas fuentes de financiamiento que sus participantes pueden encontrar en el mercado. En este sentido, el brindarles conocimiento de todas las fuentes posibles y educarlos de tal forma que puedan aprovecharlas en alto nivel, es tambi?n labor de los entes reguladores y por ende del Estado. El presente trabajo de investigaci?n expone al MAV (?Mercado Alternativo de Valores?) como una variante del Mercado de Valores, el cual ha sido dise?ado para que las Medianas Empresas exploren una alternativa que antes, por sus condiciones anteriores, le era pr?cticamente inalcanzable. Asimismo, desde las perspectivas de las Medianas Empresas, se busca descubrir el por qu?, desde su creaci?n (2012), el MAV ha tenido tan poca participaci?n a pesar de lo exitoso que han sido los casos registrados. Esta cuesti?n ha sido desarrollada durante el presente documento mediante una investigaci?n exploratoria de tipo cualitativa, con la finalidad de poder realizar recomendaciones en b?squeda de su mayor concurrencia

Antihyperthermic treatment decreases perihematomal hypodensity

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect on perihematomal hypodensity and outcome of a decrease in body temperature in the first 24 hours in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). METHODS: In this retrospective study on a prospectively registered database, among the 1,100 patients, 795 met all the inclusion criteria. Temperature variations in the first 24 hours and perihematomal hypodensity (PHHD) were recorded. Patients >/=37.5 degrees C were treated with antihyperthermic drugs for at least 48 hours. The main objective was to determine the association among temperature variation, PHHD, and outcome at 3 months. RESULTS: The decrease in temperature in the first 24 hours increased the possibility of good outcome 11-fold. Temperature decrease, lower PHHD volume, and a good outcome were observed in 31.8% of the patients who received antihyperthermic treatment. CONCLUSION: The administration of early antihyperthermic treatment in patients with spontaneous ICH with a basal axillary temperature >/=37.5 degrees C resulted in good outcome in a third of the treated patients

Volumetric study of the maxillary sinus in patients with sinus pathology

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is 1) to obtain the area and volumes of the maxillary sinuses in patients affected by clinically unilateral sinus pathology by comparing the results to the contralateral sinus and 2) to determine the importance of the volumetric measures when diagnosing the percentage of sinus obliteration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A single-centre observational retrospective clinical study was conducted in 214 patients with clinically unilateral sinus pathologies. Linear (mm), area (mm2) and volume (mm3) measurements were taken from Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images of the affected sinus as well as from the contralateral ones. Histopathological study was performed using haematoxylin/eosin and PAS or Groccot stains. The lesions were classified into non-specific sinusitis, polyps, inverted papilloma, fungal sinusitis, cysts, mucocele and other lesions. Chi-squared test, ANOVA for independent samples and Pearson test were used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: A total of 100 sinuses were measured in 50 patients (28 men and 22 women, with an age of 43.6 years (SD = 18.3), 50 pathological and 50 healthy contralateral sinuses. The three-dimensional occupation volume of the affected sinuses was 97.1 mm3 (62.5%) vs. 40.6 mm3 (22.8%) in the healthy ones (p<0.0001). The medial-lateral width of the sinus in the frontal plane was significantly higher in the cysts group (32.4 mm, CI: 23-41.8 mm). CONCLUSION: In medical terms, the global percentage of occupation determined using the classic manual determination method does not differ from the three-dimensional percentage calculated using specific complex software

Naturally presented HLA class I-restricted epitopes from the neurotrophic factor S100-? are targets of the autoimmune response in type 1 diabetes

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from the destruction of pancreatic beta-cells by the immune system, and CD8(+) T lymphocytes are critical actors in this autoimmune response. Pancreatic islets are surrounded by a mesh of nervous cells, the peri-insular Schwann cells, which are also targeted by autoreactive T lymphocytes and express specific antigens, such as the neurotrophic factor S100-beta. Previous work has shown increased proliferative responses to whole S100-beta in both human T1D patients and the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse model. We describe for the first time naturally processed and presented epitopes (NPPEs) presented by class I human leukocyte antigen-A*02:01 (A2.1) molecules derived from S100-beta. These NPPEs triggered IFN-gamma responses more frequently in both newly diagnosed and long-term T1D patients compared with healthy donors. Furthermore, the same NPPEs are recognized during the autoimmune response leading to diabetes in A2.1-transgenic NOD mice as early as 4 wk of age. Interestingly, when these NPPEs are used to prevent diabetes in this animal model, an acceleration of the disease is observed together with an exacerbation in insulitis and an increase in S100-beta-specific cytotoxicity in vaccinated animals. Whether these can be used in diabetes prevention needs to be carefully evaluated in animal models before use in future clinical assays.-Calvino-Sampedro, C., Gomez-Tourino, I., Cordero, O. J., Reche, P. A., Gomez-Perosanz, M., Sanchez-Trincado, J. L., Rodriguez, M. A., Sueiro, A. M., Vinuela, J. E., Calvino, R. V. Naturally presented HLA class I-restricted epitopes from the neurotrophic factor S100-beta are targets of the autoimmune response in type 1 diabetes

Influence of Sex on Stroke Prognosis: A Demographic, Clinical, and Molecular Analysis

Identifying the complexities of the effect of sex on stroke risk, etiology, and lesion progression may lead to advances in the treatment and care of ischemic stroke (IS) and non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage patients (ICH). We studied the sex-related discrepancies on the clinical course of patients with IS and ICH, and we also evaluated possible molecular mechanisms involved. The study's main variable was the patient's functional outcome at 3-months. Logistic regression models were used in order to study the influence of sex on different inflammatory, endothelial and atrial dysfunction markers. We recruited 5,021 patients; 4,060 IS (54.8% male, 45.2% female) and 961 ICH (57.1% male, 42.9% female). Women were on average 5.7 years older than men (6.4 years in IS, 5.1 years in ICH), and more likely to have previous poor functional status, to suffer atrial fibrillation and to be on anticoagulants. IS patients showed sex-related differences at 3-months regarding poorer outcome (55.6% women, 43.6% men, p < 0.0001), but this relationship was not found in ICH (56.8% vs. 61.9%, p = 0.127). In IS, women had higher levels of NT-proBNP and 3-months worse outcome in both cardioembolic and non-cardioembolic stroke patients. Stroke patients showed sex-related differences in pre-hospital data, clinical variables and molecular markers, but only IS patients presented independent sex-related differences in 3-months poor outcome and mortality. There was a relationship between the molecular marker of atrial dysfunction NT-proBNP and worse functional outcome in women, resulting in a possible indicator of increased dysfunction

Regulatory T cells participate in the recovery of ischemic stroke patients

BACKGROUND: Recent preclinical studies have shown that regulatory T cells (Treg) play a key role in the immune response after ischemic stroke (IS). However, the role of Treg in human acute IS has been poorly investigated. Our aim was to study the relationship between circulating Treg and outcome in human IS patients. METHODS: A total of 204 IS patients and 22 control subjects were recruited. The main study variable was good functional outcome at 3 months (modified Rankin scale </=2) considering infarct volume, Early Neurological Deterioration (END) and risk of infections as secondary variables. The percentage of circulating Treg was measured at admission, 48, 72 h and at day 7 after stroke onset. RESULTS: Circulating Treg levels were higher in IS patients compared to control subjects. Treg at 48 h were independently associated with good functional outcome (OR, 3.5; CI: 1.9-7.8) after adjusting by confounding factors. Patients with lower Treg at 48 h showed higher frequency of END and risk of infections. In addition, a negative correlation was found between circulating Treg at 48 h (r = - 0.414) and 72 h (r = - 0.418) and infarct volume. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that Treg may participate in the recovery of IS patients. Therefore, Treg may be considered a potential therapeutic target in acute ischemic stroke

Plan de negocio para un sistema de intermediaci?n de servicios de belleza en la ciudad de Lima basado en la geolocalizaci?n

El crecimiento sostenido del sector belleza en el Per? y los h?bitos de consumo de los peruanos en sus compras en l?nea han sido factores importantes para comenzar con esta idea de negocio. Esta idea de negocio busca brindar una plataforma de intermediaci?n que permita unir la oferta y la demanda en el sector belleza, modelo de negocio similar a Uber, de tal forma que tanto el profesional o el sal?n de belleza puedan ofrecer y llevar ese servicio hacia la ubicaci?n indicada por el usuario. Esta soluci?n propone llegar a hombres y mujeres entre 18 y 59 a?os que viven o trabajan en la ciudad de Lima, en los distritos de Lima moderna, utilizan la tecnolog?a en sus actividades cotidianas y cuidan su imagen personal. El estudio de mercado realizado demuestra que la idea de negocio es aceptada por el 81% de los encuestados. Asimismo, se realiz? entrevista a un grupo determinado de expertos de distintas ?reas quienes aportaron de gran forma a esta idea de negocio. Esta idea es rentable, esto se sustenta en el plan financiero desarrollado en la tesis, esta viabilidad es atractiva antes los ojos de los inversionistas quienes ser?n nuestros aliados estrat?gicos