Structural and Functional Genomic Research in Model Legume Plants: The National BioResource Project (NBRP) in Japan

Lotus japonicus is a wild perennial plant with a small genome and a short life cycle. This plant is expected to play a role as the model organism of leguminous plants, which include important crop plants such as soybean (Glycine max). Legume Base, a resource centre for Lotus japonicus and Glycine max, was established in April 2004. The scope of Legume Base is the collection, development and conservation of the genetic resources of L. japonicus and G. max and the distribution of the material for utilization by the research community. DNA resources including genomic DNA clones will be also available through Legume Base web site

Genetic Transformation of Rhodesgrass (Chloris Gayana Kunth.) by Particle Bombardment

Rhodesgrass (Chloris gayana Kunth) has been cultivated as one of the most important warm-season grasses in the world. One of the major limitations for cattle production on forage grasses, especially warm-season grasses is poor digestibility if compared to temperate grasses (Gondo et al., 2003). It is believed that the low digestibility of warm-season grasses is due to high lignin contents (Akashi et al., 2003). Recently, modification of the lignin content of plants appears to be feasible using genetic engineering strategies. We have established a methodology for high-frequency somatic embryogenesis and multiple shoot formation from seed-derived shoot apical meristems in rhodesgrass. Also, we have studied several factors involved in particle bombardment transformation

Study on Callus Induction System of 4 Genotype of Napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum )

The aim of this study was to produce callus induction potential of 4 napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum) genotypes (Dwarf Late, Hybrid, Merkeron and Wrukwona). Callus was induced from shoot apices of shoot tillers  on MS media containing 2,4-D and BAP. On the MS medium containing 2 mg L–1 2,4-D and 0.5 mg L–1 BAP all genotypes could produce embryogenic calli, with different rate of growth. The best genotype for producing embryogenic calli was dwarf napiergrass in 60 day culture. These genotypes would be usefull for tissue cultured based research and for napiergrass improvement program, particularly in genetic transformation. Culturing shoot apices on MS medium containing 2 mgL–1 2,4-D and 0.5 mgL–1 BAP was more suitable than on MS medium containing 0.5 mgL–1 2,4-D.  In the subculture with similar medium composition, proliferation occured poorly on dwarf napiergrass, whereas none happened on the three other genotypes. On the hormon-free medium, all genotypes germinated in different rates. This research pointed out that dwarf napiergrass gave the best response toward induction medium. However, its proliferation and regeneration needed to be optimized in order to obtain more obvious data. This genotype would be usefull for tissue culture based research and for napiergrass improvement program, particularly in genetic transformation

RESPON BEBERAPA KULTIVAR KEDELAI TERHADAP TRANSFORMASI GENETIK MENGGUNAKAN Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Kedelai adalah komoditas pangan penting di Indonesia setelah padi dan jagung. Penelitian dengan tujuan mengetahui kemampuan regenerasi masing-masing kultivar kedelai yang diuji sebagai indikator dalam menjadikan tanaman transgenik serta untuk mengetahui respon beberapa kultivar kedelai pada pelaksanaan transformasi genetik menggunakan Agrobacterium tumefaciens telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus – Oktober 2014 di Laboratorium Bioresource, Universitas Miyazaki, Jepang. Terdapat dua kegiatan utama yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini yaitu kultur kotiledon dan transformasi genetik. Penelitian kultur kotiledon dianalisis menggunakan RAL (Rancangan Acak Lengkap), perlakuan berupa kultivar dengan ulangan sebanyak tiga kali. Pada penelitian transformasi genetik, data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan perhitungan persentase efisiensi transformasi dan persentase intensitas ekspresi gen GUS. Hasil analisis pembentukan multiple shoot menunjukkan bahwa pada dasarnya semua kultivar dapat menghasilkan multiple shoot meskipun jumlah dan panjangnya beragam. Hasil uji ragam (ANOVA) jumlah eksplan yang menghasilkan multiple shoot adalah tidak berbeda nyata antar perlakuan, sedangkan pada analisis jumlah multiple shoot yang dihasilkan per eksplan terdapat perbedaan yang nyata pada uji F dengan taraf 5%. Kultivar Detam memiliki rerata multiple shoot per eksplan tertinggi dengan rerata sebesar 9.93. Pada analisis keberhasilan transformasi, dapat diketahui bahwa semua kultivar memiliki persentase efisiensi transformasi yang tinggi. Meskipun demikian, Willis adalah kultivar yang memiliki persentase efisiensi transformasi tertinggi yaitu sebesar 84%. Sedangkan pada persentase ekspresi gen GUS kuat, Williams 82 adalah kultivar yang memiliki persentase tertinggi yaitu sebesar 67.6%. Oleh karena itu, Kultivar Wilis dan Williams 82 dapat dijadikan sebagai pilihan yang baik dalam melakukan transformasi genetik. Kata kunci: Kedelai, Transformasi Genetik, GUS, Kultur Kotiledo

Delayed diagnosis of single compartment muscle contusion after radical hysterectomy in the lithotomy position: A case report

AbstractIntroductionMuscle contusions usually occur as a result of blunt trauma, which damages the muscle fibers and connective tissue without breaking the skin. Rapid bleeding can cause an increase in pressure that requires surgical intervention, commonly referred to as compartment syndrome. Here, we report a case with delayed diagnosis of single compartment muscle contusion in which compartment syndrome did not develop.Presentation of caseA 50-year-old woman underwent radical hysterectomy. She complained of edema and tenderness in the lower left leg on postoperative day 6. The serum creatine phosphokinase level was slightly elevated at 177 IU/L (normal range: 6–142 IU/L). T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging revealed swelling of the muscle in the deep posterior compartment of the lower left leg, edematous fascia, and subcutaneous adipose tissue. She recovered naturally without other complications.DiscussionIn the lithotomy position during surgery, muscle contusion might occur, without general symptoms.ConclusionMagnetic resonance imaging is useful for diagnosis. For patients who complain of edema and tenderness in the lower leg after surgery in the lithotomy position, muscle contusions should be considered

Efektivitas Transformasi Genetik pada Kedelai (Glycine max L. Merrill) Menggunakan Particle Bombardment

Kedelai merupakan salah satu komoditas penting pertanian. Kebutuhan komoditas kedelai dalam negeri saat ini, rata-rata sebanyak 2.3 juta ton biji kering/tahun (BPS, 2018). Perakitan kultivar unggul kedelai dapat dilakukan melalui transformasi genetik. Beberapa faktor penting dari keberhasilan transformasi genetik particle bombardment yaitu faktor fisik misalnya ukuran partikel emas, posisi dan letak eksplan, faktor biologi misalnya embryo tip dan mengetahui seberapa stabil gen yang telah ditransformasi (Kikkert et al., 2004). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui posisi peletakan embrio (inside dan outside), ukuran partikel emas dan stabilitas ekspresi gen pada embrio yang optimum. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Bioresource Universitas Miyazaki, Jepang pada bulan April hingga Juli 2018. Bahan yang digunakan sebagai eksplan dalam penelitian ini ialah embryo tip biji kedelai kultivar Williams 82 dengan jumlah 9 embrio per ulangan. Pengamatan yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini meliputi, efektivitas posisi dan letak eksplan, efektivitas ukuran partikel emas dan stabilitas ekspresi gen yang ditampilkan dalam bentuk persentase. Hasil yang dari penelitian ini ialah terdapat ekspresi gen GUS yang berbeda pada posisi peletakan embrio secara inside dan outside. Metode peletakan inside memilki ekspresi gen GUS yang terbaik. Kemudian terdapat perbedaan ekspresi gen GUS pada masing-masing ukuran partikel emas yang ditembakkan pada saat transformasi genetik. Pada ukuran partikel emas 0.6 µm memiliki persentase ekspresi gen GUS terbaik dan metode peletakan inside dan hasil penelitian ini memiliki peluang sebagai metode yang dapat dipilih pada transformasi emrio kedelai menggunakan particle bombardment. Hal ini dibuktikan pada 14 hari setelah transformasi masih terdapat ekspresi gen GUS setinggi 34.1%

Genetic Diversity in Zoysiagrass Ecotypes Based on Morphological Characteristics and SSR Markers

Zoysiagrass consists of a number of interfertile species, some of which are important grasses for turfgrass and grazing pasture in Japan. Recently, we developed simple sequence repeats (SSRs) markers from Zoysia japonica “Asagake” genomic DNA by enriched genomic library method (Yamamoto et al., 2002). Here we identify genetic diversity in 38 ecotypes of zoysiagrass (Z. matrella and Z. tenuifolia) from a group of southwest islands of Japan based on morphological characteristics and SSR markers

Effects of different levels of oxalic acid administration on feed intake and nutrient digestibility in goats

An experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of oxalic acid administration on feed intake and nutrient digestibility in goats. Four female cross bred (Boer × local) goats (average body weight of 46.3 kg) were randomly assigned to four experimental diets including oxalic acid administration at levels of 0, 2.25, 4.50 and 6.75 g/animal/d in a 4×4 Latin Square design. Oxalic acid diluted with water was administered orally via syringe to experimental goats once daily for four experimental periods. Each experimental period was lasted 21 d in length, comprising 14 d of adaptation to the experimental diet followed by 7 d of data collection. All the animals were individually fed with Napier grass ad libitum supplemented with 300 g (fresh basis) pelleted compound feed per goat per day throughout the study. Feed composition, feed intake, nutrient intake and nutrient digestibility were determined. Intakes of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and metabolisable energy tended to linearly decrease with the increasing rate of oxalic acid administration, with the value in the 6.75 g oxalic acid/animal/d treatment being significantly (p<0.05) lower than the control (0 g oxalic acid/animal/d) treatment. The oxalic acid administration had no effect on apparent digestibilities of DM, OM, CP and NDF. The experiment demonstrated that oxalic acid administration may influence in the DM and nutrient intakes, but not influence on DM and nutrient digestibilities in goats