Multiple Conclusion Rules in Logics with the Disjunction Property

We prove that for the intermediate logics with the disjunction property any basis of admissible rules can be reduced to a basis of admissible m-rules (multiple-conclusion rules), and every basis of admissible m-rules can be reduced to a basis of admissible rules. These results can be generalized to a broad class of logics including positive logic and its extensions, Johansson logic, normal extensions of S4, n-transitive logics and intuitionistic modal logics

Instability of coherent states of a real scalar field

We investigate stability of both localized time-periodic coherent states (pulsons) and uniformly distributed coherent states (oscillating condensate) of a real scalar field satisfying the Klein-Gordon equation with a logarithmic nonlinearity. The linear analysis of time-dependent parts of perturbations leads to the Hill equation with a singular coefficient. To evaluate the characteristic exponent we extend the Lindemann-Stieltjes method, usually applied to the Mathieu and Lame equations, to the case that the periodic coefficient in the general Hill equation is an unbounded function of time. As a result, we derive the formula for the characteristic exponent and calculate the stability-instability chart. Then we analyze the spatial structure of the perturbations. Using these results we show that the pulsons of any amplitudes, remaining well-localized objects, lose their coherence with time. This means that, strictly speaking, all pulsons of the model considered are unstable. Nevertheless, for the nodeless pulsons the rate of the coherence breaking in narrow ranges of amplitudes is found to be very small, so that such pulsons can be long-lived. Further, we use the obtaned stability-instability chart to examine the Affleck-Dine type condensate. We conclude the oscillating condensate can decay into an ensemble of the nodeless pulsons.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures, submitted to Physical Review

Singly generated quasivarieties and residuated structures

A quasivariety K of algebras has the joint embedding property (JEP) iff it is generated by a single algebra A. It is structurally complete iff the free countably generated algebra in K can serve as A. A consequence of this demand, called "passive structural completeness" (PSC), is that the nontrivial members of K all satisfy the same existential positive sentences. We prove that if K is PSC then it still has the JEP, and if it has the JEP and its nontrivial members lack trivial subalgebras, then its relatively simple members all belong to the universal class generated by one of them. Under these conditions, if K is relatively semisimple then it is generated by one K-simple algebra. It is a minimal quasivariety if, moreover, it is PSC but fails to unify some finite set of equations. We also prove that a quasivariety of finite type, with a finite nontrivial member, is PSC iff its nontrivial members have a common retract. The theory is then applied to the variety of De Morgan monoids, where we isolate the sub(quasi)varieties that are PSC and those that have the JEP, while throwing fresh light on those that are structurally complete. The results illuminate the extension lattices of intuitionistic and relevance logics

Latex agglutination test for rapid detection of antibodies to infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus of salmon

Latex-agglutination preparations were produced for detection of antibodies to infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus of salmon with analytical sensitivity of 0,9 цд/ті. While testing 40 blood samples using latex-agglutination test the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 92 and 100%, respectively. The latex-agglutination is a simple and rapid test; it can be used for retrospective diagnostics of the disease and determination of the titer of antibodies to the virus under conditions of a veterinary laboratory and even a fish farm

Spinor Field in Bianchi type-I Universe: regular solutions

Self-consistent solutions to the nonlinear spinor field equations in General Relativity has been studied for the case of Bianchi type-I (B-I) space-time. It has been shown that, for some special type of nonliearity the model provides regular solution, but this singularity-free solutions are attained at the cost of broken dominant energy condition in Hawking-Penrose theorem. It has also been shown that the introduction of $\Lambda$-term in the Lagrangian generates oscillations of the B-I model, which is not the case in absence of $\Lambda$ term. Moreover, for the linear spinor field, the $\Lambda$ term provides oscillatory solutions, those are regular everywhere, without violating dominant energy condition. Key words: Nonlinear spinor field (NLSF), Bianch type -I model (B-I), $\Lambda$ term PACS 98.80.C CosmologyComment: RevTex, 21 page

Finitely generated free Heyting algebras via Birkhoff duality and coalgebra

Algebras axiomatized entirely by rank 1 axioms are algebras for a functor and thus the free algebras can be obtained by a direct limit process. Dually, the final coalgebras can be obtained by an inverse limit process. In order to explore the limits of this method we look at Heyting algebras which have mixed rank 0-1 axiomatizations. We will see that Heyting algebras are special in that they are almost rank 1 axiomatized and can be handled by a slight variant of the rank 1 coalgebraic methods

Construction of the Initial Part of a Ion Linear Accelerator from Similar Short Cavities

The construction of the initial part of a normally conducting linac for hydrogen ion beams with a pulsed current of ~20 mA up to an energy of ~70 MeV is considered. The RFQ at a frequency of ~160 MHz accelerates ions to an energy of ~4 MeV. Further acceleration is carried out at a doubled frequency by short, up to $5\beta\lambda$, cavities, operating in the TM010 mode, with drift tubes. Focusing is carried out by doublets of quadrupole lenses placed between the cavities. The structure of the accelerating-focusing channel, with given beam parameters, with reserves provides both the conditions for stable longitudinal and transverse motion of particles, and reliable technical implementation. The main results of the simulations of particle dynamics and the main parameters of the elements of the channel are presented. The possibility of constructing an linac with a higher output energy is analyzed.Comment: in Russian languag

IRI-2012 MODEL ADAPTABILITY ESTIMATION FOR AUTOMATED PROCESSING OF VERTICAL SOUNDING IONOGRAMS

The paper deals with possibility of IRI-2012 global empirical model applying to the vertical sounding of the ionosphere semiautomatic data processing. Main ionosphere characteristics from vertical sounding data at IZMIRAN Voeikovo station in February 2013 were compared with IRI-2012 model calculation results. 2688 model values and 1866 real values of f0F2, f0E, hmF2, hmE were processed. E and F2 layers critical frequency (f0E, f0F2) and the maximum altitudes (hmF2, hmE) were determined from the ionograms. Vertical profiles of the electron concentration were restored with IRI-2012 model by measured frequency and height. The model calculation was also made without the inclusion of the real vertical sounding data. Monthly averages and standard deviations (σ) for the parameters f0F2, f0E, hmF2, hmE for each hour of the day were calculated according to the vertical sounding and model values. Model applicability conditions for automated processing of ionograms for subauroral ionosphere were determined. Initial IRI-2012 model can be applied in the sub-auroral ionograms processing at daytime with undisturbed conditions in the absence of sporadic ionization. In this case model calculations can be adjusted by the near-time vertical sounding data. IRI-2012 model values for f0E (in daytime) and hmF2 can be applied to reduce computational costs in the systems of automatic parameters search and preliminary determination of the searching area range for the main parameters. IRI-2012 model can be used for a more accurate approximation of the real data series in the absence of the real values. In view of sporadic ionization, ionosphere models of the high latitudes must be applied with corpuscular ions formation unit

Use of Levosimendan in Cardiac Anesthesiology

The authors consider the main aspects of the rational use of the novel inotropic drug levosimendan in cardiosurgical patients on the basis of the results of the trials described in the literature and on their own findings in this review. The purpose of the analysis made was to provide a rationale for the effective use of this drug. The review shows the role of the ultrasound indicator left ventricular ejection fraction, the prognostic scale EuroSCORE, and the natriuretic peptides NT-proBNP and BNP in defining indications for levosimendan administration for preoperative preparation. There are original data on the lower level of the natriuretic peptides due to levosimendan therapy. The target hemodynamic monitoring values indicating that it is essential to use levosimendan in postperfusion heart failure are discussed. It is shown that it is expedient to use levosimendan simultaneously with traditional medical measures, by taking into account the pharmacokinetic features of a calcium sensitizer. The problem of levosimendan readministration in patients operated on the heart as well is stated. That there are no clear algorithms for repeated use of the drug is shown. At the same time, possible options of this therapy in different clinical situations are given. Key words: levosimendan, cardiosurgery, heart failure

Прогностическая значимость биомаркера NT-proBNP при хирургическом лечении аортального стеноза (пилотное исследование)

The objective was to study the relationship between the preoperative blood levels of the N-terminal segment of B-type natriuretic peptide precursor (NT-proBNP) and ultrasound and thermodilution indicators of cardiac function before and after on-pump surgery for aortic stenosis, as well as to evaluate the prognostic significance of the biomarker in relation to postoperative myocardial dysfunction.Materials and methods. The study involved 27 patients aged 57.7±2.5 years who underwent aortic valve replacement. NT-proBNP level was determined before surgery. The indicators of invasive hemodynamics and transesophageal echocardiography were analyzed at stages: I – after anesthesia induction, II – at the end of surgery. Correlation analysis, logistic regression and ROC analysis were used.Results. The preoperative NT-proBNP level was 2002.0 [540.8–4001.5] pg/ml. At I stage, NT-proBNP correlated with mean pulmonary artery pressure (rho = 0.468; p = 0.014), indices of left ventricular function (rho = –0.509; p = 0.007), end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes (rho = 0.737–0.757; p < 0.0001), as well as ejection fraction (rho = –0.556; p = 0.004) and area contraction fraction (rho = –0.783; p < 0.0001). At II stage, the level of NT-proBNP > 2000 pg/ml was a predictor of the left ventricular area contraction fraction < 50% (OR 1.0011, 95% CI 1.0002–1.0020, p = 0.028, AUC 0.799) , the left ventricular end-systolic area index > 9 cm2/m2 (OR 1.0007, 95% CI 1.0001–1.0013, p = 0.027, AUC 0.886), vasoactive-inotropic score > 10 (OR 1.0006, 95% CI 1.0001–1.0012, p = 0.032, AUC 0.876), duration of sympathomimetic therapy > 24 h (OR 1.0001, 95% CI 1.0000–1.0003, p = 0.049, AUC 0.889).Conclusions. NT-proBNP blood level was increased in 66.7% of patients with aortic stenosis before surgery. Moreover, the biomarker level directly correlates with the mean pulmonary artery pressure, the indices of end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes, end-diastolic and end-systolic areas of the left ventricle, and it inversely correlates with the left ventricular stroke work index, ejection fraction and left ventricular area contraction fraction. The preoperative NT-proBNP level was a predictor of the postoperative decrease to the pathological level of the ejection fractions and left ventricular area contraction, an increase in the left ventricular end-systolic area index, intensive and prolonged sympathomimetic therapy. Myocardial dysfunctions were most pronounced in patients with biomarker levels above 2000 pg/ml.Цель – изучить взаимосвязи дооперационного содержания в крови N-терминального отрезка предшественника натрийуретического пептида В-типа (NT-proBNP) с ультразвуковыми и термодилюционными показателями функции сердца до и после операции с искусственным кровообращением по поводу аортального стеноза, а также оценить прогностическую значимость биомаркера в отношении послеоперационной миокардиальной дисфункции.Материалы и методы. Обследовали 27 больных в возрасте 57,7±2,5 лет, которым выполнили протезирование аортального клапана. Уровень NT-proBNP определяли до операции. Показатели инвазивной гемодинамики и чреспищеводной эхокардиографии анализировали на этапах: I – после вводной анестезии, II – в конце операции. Использовали корреляционный анализ, логистическую регрессию и ROC-анализ.Результаты. Дооперационное содержание NT-proBNP составило 2002,0 [540,8–4001,5] пг/мл. На I этапе NT-proBNP коррелировал со средним давлением в легочной артерии (rho = 0,468; p = 0,014), индексами левожелудочковых ударной работы (rho = –0,509; p = 0,007), конечно-диастолического и конечно-систолического объемов (rho = 0,737–0,757; p < 0,0001), а также фракцией изгнания (rho = –0,556; p = 0,004) и фракцией сокращения площади левого желудочка (rho = –0,783; p < 0,0001). На II этапе значения NT-proBNP > 2000 пг/мл были предикторами фракции сокращения площади левого желудочка < 50% (ОШ 1,0011, 95%-ный ДИ 1,0002–1,0020, р = 0,028, ППК 0,799), индекса конечно-систолической площади левого желудочка > 9 см2/м2 (ОШ 1,0007, 95%-ный ДИ 1,0001–1,0013, р = 0,027, ППК 0,886), вазоактивно-инотропного индекса > 10 у. е. (ОШ 1,0006, 95%-ный ДИ 1,0001–1,0012, р = 0,032, ППК 0,876), длительности симпатомиметической терапии > 24 ч (ОШ 1,0001, 95%-ный ДИ 1,0000–1,0003, р = 0,049, ППК 0,889).Выводы. До операции у 66,7% больных с аортальным стенозом содержание NT-proBNP в крови повышено, причем уровень биомаркера прямо коррелирует со средним давлением в легочной артерии, индексами конечно-диастолического и конечно-систолического объемов, конечно-диастолической и конечно-систолической площадей левого желудочка и обратно – с индексом ударной работы, фракцией изгнания и фракцией сокращения площади левого желудочка. Дооперационный уровень NT-proBNP является предиктором послеоперационного снижения до патологического уровня фракций изгнания и сокращения площади левого желудочка, увеличения индекса конечно-систолической площади левого желудочка, интенсивной и длительной симпатомиметической терапии. В наибольшей степени выражены признаки дисфункции миокарда у больных уровнем биомаркера > 2000 пг/мл