Graduate Student Styles for Coping with Stressful Situations and Their Effect on Academic Achievement

The study was to examine the types of stressful situations that graduate students encounter, to delineate styles for coping with these situations, and to determine if these coping styles affect academic achievement. Three populations were used: Group I consisted of 22 graduates of the Clinical Psychology program at Eastern Illinois University (EIU), Group II consisted of 11 dropouts of the Clinical Psychology program, and Group III consisted of 23 currently-enrolled graduate students in the Psychology Department. It was anticipated that there would be a significant relationship between graduate students\u27 coping styles and their academic achievement, and that Type I (competent) and Type II (less competent) graduate students would have different coping styles for stressful situations. All subjects completed a questionnaire which included a cover letter outlining instructions, an information sheet, 26 descriptions or stressful situations, and rating scales for each situation. Analysis was based on the subject\u27s age, number of years out of school, self-rated competency scores, undergraduate cumulative grade-point average (CGPA) scores, and ratings (responsibility, certainty, anxiety) of three types of stressful situations (academic problems, interpersonal problems, fate-failure) obtained from the questionnaire. For Group III, a Pearson Correlation was used to investigate the relationship between subjects\u27 CGPA scores and the variables of age, number of years out of school, self-rated competency, and ratings of coping styles for stressful situations to determine a relationship between the measures and CGPA scores. For Groups I and II, six t-tests were run to determine differences between groups on the measures of age, number of years out of school, self-rated competency scores, and CGPA scores in order to establish a basis for differences in coping styles among graduate students. Results indicate that graduate students\u27 coping styles are not significantly related to academic achievement, and there was not a significant difference between graduates and dropouts to determine a difference among graduate students for comparison of coping styles

Graduate Student Styles for Coping with Stressful Situations and Their Effect on Academic Achievement

The study was to examine the types of stressful situations that graduate students encounter, to delineate styles for coping with these situations, and to determine if these coping styles affect academic achievement. Three populations were used: Group I consisted of 22 graduates of the Clinical Psychology program at Eastern Illinois University (EIU), Group II consisted of 11 dropouts of the Clinical Psychology program, and Group III consisted of 23 currently-enrolled graduate students in the Psychology Department. It was anticipated that there would be a significant relationship between graduate students\u27 coping styles and their academic achievement, and that Type I (competent) and Type II (less competent) graduate students would have different coping styles for stressful situations. All subjects completed a questionnaire which included a cover letter outlining instructions, an information sheet, 26 descriptions or stressful situations, and rating scales for each situation. Analysis was based on the subject\u27s age, number of years out of school, self-rated competency scores, undergraduate cumulative grade-point average (CGPA) scores, and ratings (responsibility, certainty, anxiety) of three types of stressful situations (academic problems, interpersonal problems, fate-failure) obtained from the questionnaire. For Group III, a Pearson Correlation was used to investigate the relationship between subjects\u27 CGPA scores and the variables of age, number of years out of school, self-rated competency, and ratings of coping styles for stressful situations to determine a relationship between the measures and CGPA scores. For Groups I and II, six t-tests were run to determine differences between groups on the measures of age, number of years out of school, self-rated competency scores, and CGPA scores in order to establish a basis for differences in coping styles among graduate students. Results indicate that graduate students\u27 coping styles are not significantly related to academic achievement, and there was not a significant difference between graduates and dropouts to determine a difference among graduate students for comparison of coping styles

Probabilistic Disease Classification of Expression-Dependent Proteomic Data from Mass Spectrometry of Human Serum

We have developed an algorithm called Q5 for probabilistic classification of healthy vs. disease whole serum samples using mass spectrometry. The algorithm employs Principal Components Analysis (PCA) followed by Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) on whole spectrum Surface-Enhanced Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of Flight (SELDI-TOF) Mass Spectrometry (MS) data, and is demonstrated on four real datasets from complete, complex SELDI spectra of human blood serum. Q5 is a closed-form, exact solution to the problem of classification of complete mass spectra of a complex protein mixture. Q5 employs a novel probabilistic classification algorithm built upon a dimension-reduced linear discriminant analysis. Our solution is computationally efficient; it is non-iterative and computes the optimal linear discriminant using closed-form equations. The optimal discriminant is computed and verified for datasets of complete, complex SELDI spectra of human blood serum. Replicate experiments of different training/testing splits of each dataset are employed to verify robustness of the algorithm. The probabilistic classification method achieves excellent performance. We achieve sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values above 97% on three ovarian cancer datasets and one prostate cancer dataset. The Q5 method outperforms previous full-spectrum complex sample spectral classification techniques, and can provide clues as to the molecular identities of differentially-expressed proteins and peptides

High-Throughput Inference of Protein-Protein Interaction Sites from Unassigned NMR Data by Analyzing Arrangements Induced By Quadratic Forms on 3-Manifolds

We cast the problem of identifying protein-protein interfaces, using only unassigned NMR spectra, into a geometric clustering problem. Identifying protein-protein interfaces is critical to understanding inter- and intra-cellular communication, and NMR allows the study of protein interaction in solution. However it is often the case that NMR studies of a protein complex are very time-consuming, mainly due to the bottleneck in assigning the chemical shifts, even if the apo structures of the constituent proteins are known. We study whether it is possible, in a high-throughput manner, to identify the interface region of a protein complex using only unassigned chemical shift and residual dipolar coupling (RDC) data. We introduce a geometric optimization problem where we must cluster the cells in an arrangement on the boundary of a 3-manifold. The arrangement is induced by a spherical quadratic form, which in turn is parameterized by SO(3)xR^2. We show that this formalism derives directly from the physics of RDCs. We present an optimal algorithm for this problem that runs in O(n^3 log n) time for an n-residue protein. We then use this clustering algorithm as a subroutine in a practical algorithm for identifying the interface region of a protein complex from unassigned NMR data. We present the results of our algorithm on NMR data for 7 proteins from 5 protein complexes and show that our approach is useful for high-throughput applications in which we seek to rapidly identify the interface region of a protein complex

Segmentation by Motivation in Ecotourism: Application to Protected Areas in Guayas, Ecuador

[EN] Among tourists, there is recently a growing interest in the environment and enjoying the natural world. This study analyzed the motivations and segmentation of the demand for ecotourism, using functional theory as a reference point. Empirical analysis was carried out in Santay National Recreation Area, Morro Mangrove Wildlife Refuge, and Samanes National Recreation Area. The sample included 382 surveys, obtained in situ using the simple random sampling method. Factorial analysis and non-hierarchical segmentation were performed to analyze the data. The results indicate that there are several motivational dimensions in ecotourism, including self-development, interpersonal relationships and ego-defensive function, building personal relationships, escape reward, and nature appreciation. We also identified three different segments of ecotourists based on their motivations¿nature, multiple motives, and reward and escape¿as well as the characteristics of the different segments. The present investigation will help public institutions and private companies improve their tourism offerings and develop more efficient marketing plans.Carvache-Franco, SM.; Segarra-Oña, M.; Carrascosa López, C. (2019). Segmentation by Motivation in Ecotourism: Application to Protected Areas in Guayas, Ecuador. Sustainability. 11(1):1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11010240S119111Das, M., & Chatterjee, B. (2015). Ecotourism: A panacea or a predicament? Tourism Management Perspectives, 14, 3-16. doi:10.1016/j.tmp.2015.01.002Hultman, M., Kazeminia, A., & Ghasemi, V. (2015). Intention to visit and willingness to pay premium for ecotourism: The impact of attitude, materialism, and motivation. Journal of Business Research, 68(9), 1854-1861. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.01.013Balmford, A., Beresford, J., Green, J., Naidoo, R., Walpole, M., & Manica, A. (2009). A Global Perspective on Trends in Nature-Based Tourism. PLoS Biology, 7(6), e1000144. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000144Tao, T. C. 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Tourism Management, 10(3), 183-186. doi:10.1016/0261-5177(89)90067-8Gitelson, R. J., & Kerstetter, D. L. (1990). The Relationship Between Sociodemographic Variables, Benefits Sought and Subsequent Vacation Behavior: A Case Study. Journal of Travel Research, 28(3), 24-29. doi:10.1177/004728759002800304Kozak, M. (2002). Comparative analysis of tourist motivations by nationality and destinations. Tourism Management, 23(3), 221-232. doi:10.1016/s0261-5177(01)00090-5Jang, S. C., Morrison, A. M., & O’Leary, J. T. (2002). Benefit segmentation of Japanese pleasure travelers to the USA and Canada: selecting target markets based on the profitability and risk of individual market segments. Tourism Management, 23(4), 367-378. doi:10.1016/s0261-5177(01)00096-6Kau, A. K., & Lim, P. S. (2005). Clustering of Chinese tourists to Singapore: an analysis of their motivations, values and satisfaction. International Journal of Tourism Research, 7(4-5), 231-248. doi:10.1002/jtr.537Frochot, I. (2005). A benefit segmentation of tourists in rural areas: a Scottish perspective. Tourism Management, 26(3), 335-346. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2003.11.016Correia, A., Oom do Valle, P., & Moço, C. (2007). Modeling motivations and perceptions of Portuguese tourists. Journal of Business Research, 60(1), 76-80. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2005.10.013Bansal, H., & Eiselt, H. A. (2004). Exploratory research of tourist motivations and planning. Tourism Management, 25(3), 387-396. doi:10.1016/s0261-5177(03)00135-3Poria, Y., Butler, R., & Airey, D. (2004). Links between Tourists, Heritage, and Reasons for Visiting Heritage Sites. Journal of Travel Research, 43(1), 19-28. doi:10.1177/0047287504265508Weaver, D. B., & Lawton, L. J. (2002). Overnight Ecotourist Market Segmentation in the Gold Coast Hinterland of Australia. Journal of Travel Research, 40(3), 270-280. doi:10.1177/004728750204000305Marques, C., Reis, E., & Menezes, J. (2010). Profiling the segments of visitors to Portuguese protected areas. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18(8), 971-996. doi:10.1080/09669582.2010.497222Pike, S. (2005). Tourism destination branding complexity. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 14(4), 258-259. doi:10.1108/10610420510609267Zografos, C., & Allcroft, D. (2007). The Environmental Values of Potential Ecotourists: A Segmentation Study. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 15(1), 44-66. doi:10.2167/jost572.0(2018). Antecedents and Consequences of Ecotourism Behavior: Independent and Interdependent Self-Construals, Ecological Belief, Willingness to Pay for Ecotourism Services and Satisfaction with Life. Sustainability, 10(3), 789. doi:10.3390/su10030789Weaver, D. B., & Lawton, L. J. (2007). Twenty years on: The state of contemporary ecotourism research. Tourism Management, 28(5), 1168-1179. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2007.03.004KIRKBY, C. A., GIUDICE, R., DAY, B., TURNER, K., SOARES-FILHO, B. S., OLIVEIRA-RODRIGUES, H., & YU, D. W. (2011). Closing the ecotourism-conservation loop in the Peruvian Amazon. Environmental Conservation, 38(1), 6-17. doi:10.1017/s0376892911000099Luo, Y., & Deng, J. (2007). The New Environmental Paradigm and Nature-Based Tourism Motivation. Journal of Travel Research, 46(4), 392-402. doi:10.1177/0047287507308331Lee, C.-K., Lee, Y.-K., & Wicks, B. E. (2004). Segmentation of festival motivation by nationality and satisfaction. Tourism Management, 25(1), 61-70. doi:10.1016/s0261-5177(03)00060-8Smith, A. J., Tuffin, M., Taplin, R. H., Moore, S. A., & Tonge, J. (2014). Visitor segmentation for a park system using research and managerial judgement. Journal of Ecotourism, 13(2-3), 93-109. doi:10.1080/14724049.2014.963112Neuts, B., Romão, J., Nijkamp, P., & Shikida, A. (2016). Market segmentation and their potential economic impacts in an ecotourism destination. Tourism Economics, 22(4), 793-808. doi:10.1177/1354816616654252Fang Meng, Tepanon, Y., & Uysal, M. (2008). Measuring tourist satisfaction by attribute and motivation: The case of a nature-based resort. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 14(1), 41-56. doi:10.1177/1356766707084218Yolal, M., Rus, R. V., Cosma, S., & Gursoy, D. (2015). A Pilot Study on Spectators’ Motivations and Their Socio-Economic Perceptions of a Film Festival. Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 16(3), 253-271. doi:10.1080/15470148.2015.1043610Crompton, J. L. (1979). Motivations for pleasure vacation. Annals of Tourism Research, 6(4), 408-424. doi:10.1016/0160-7383(79)90004-5Kim, S.-S., Crompton, J. L., & Botha, C. (2000). Responding to competition: a strategy for Sun/Lost City, South Africa. Tourism Management, 21(1), 33-41. doi:10.1016/s0261-5177(99)00094-1Holden, A., & Sparrowhawk, J. (2002). Understanding the motivations of ecotourists: the case of trekkers in Annapurna, Nepal. International Journal of Tourism Research, 4(6), 435-446. doi:10.1002/jtr.402Pearce, P. L., & Lee, U.-I. (2005). Developing the Travel Career Approach to Tourist Motivation. Journal of Travel Research, 43(3), 226-237. doi:10.1177/0047287504272020Lee, S., Lee, S., & Lee, G. (2013). Ecotourists’ Motivation and Revisit Intention: A Case Study of Restored Ecological Parks in South Korea. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 19(11), 1327-1344. doi:10.1080/10941665.2013.852117Ma, A. T. H., Chow, A. S. Y., Cheung, L. T. O., & Liu, S. (2018). Self-determined travel motivation and environmentally responsible behaviour of Chinese visitors to national forest protected areas in South China. Global Ecology and Conservation, 16, e00480. doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2018.e00480Ma, A., Chow, A., Cheung, L., Lee, K., & Liu, S. (2018). Impacts of Tourists’ Sociodemographic Characteristics on the Travel Motivation and Satisfaction: The Case of Protected Areas in South China. Sustainability, 10(10), 3388. doi:10.3390/su10103388Chow, A. S. Y., Cheng, I. N. Y., & Cheung, L. T. O. (2017). Self-determined travel motivations and ecologically responsible attitudes of nature-based visitors to the Ramsar wetland in South China. Annals of Leisure Research, 22(1), 42-61. doi:10.1080/11745398.2017.1359791Lu, A. C. C., Gursoy, D., & Del Chiappa, G. (2014). The Influence of Materialism on Ecotourism Attitudes and Behaviors. Journal of Travel Research, 55(2), 176-189. doi:10.1177/0047287514541005Nickerson, N. P., Jorgenson, J., & Boley, B. B. (2016). Are sustainable tourists a higher spending market? Tourism Management, 54, 170-177. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2015.11.009Katz, D. (1960). The Functional Approach to the Study of Attitudes. Public Opinion Quarterly, 24(2, Special Issue: Attitude Change), 163. doi:10.1086/266945Houle, B. J., Sagarin, B. J., & Kaplan, M. F. (2005). A Functional Approach to Volunteerism: Do Volunteer Motives Predict Task Preference? Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 27(4), 337-344. doi:10.1207/s15324834basp2704_6Fodness, D. (1994). Measuring tourist motivation. Annals of Tourism Research, 21(3), 555-581. doi:10.1016/0160-7383(94)90120-1Dolnicar, S. (2002). A Review of Data-Driven Market Segmentation in Tourism. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 12(1), 1-22. doi:10.1300/j073v12n01_01Ho, G. T. S., Ip, W. H., Lee, C. K. M., & Mou, W. L. (2012). Customer grouping for better resources allocation using GA based clustering technique. Expert Systems with Applications, 39(2), 1979-1987. doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2011.08.045Bieger, T., & Laesser, C. (2002). Market Segmentation by Motivation: The Case of Switzerland. Journal of Travel Research, 41(1), 68-76. doi:10.1177/004728750204100110Ryan, C., & Glendon, I. (1998). Application of leisure motivation scale to tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 25(1), 169-184. doi:10.1016/s0160-7383(97)00066-2Beane, T. P., & Ennis, D. M. (1987). Market Segmentation: A Review. European Journal of Marketing, 21(5), 20-42. doi:10.1108/eum0000000004695Carvache-Franco, M., Carvache-Franco, O., Carvache-Franco, W., Orden-Mejía, M., & Macas-López, C. (2018). Segmentation of coastal marine demand from a National Recreational Area: Villamil Beach, Ecuador. Geographica Pannonica, 22(4), 276-284. doi:10.5937/gp22-18410Juric, B., Cornwell, T. B., & Mather, D. (2002). Exploring the Usefulness of an Ecotourism Interest Scale. Journal of Travel Research, 40(3), 259-269. doi:10.1177/0047287502040003004Kwan, P., Eagles, P. F. J., & Gebhardt, A. (2008). A Comparison of Ecolodge Patrons’ Characteristics and Motivations Based on Price Levels: A Case Study of Belize. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 16(6), 698-718. doi:10.1080/09669580802397129Cordente-Rodriguez, M., Mondejar-Jimenez, J.-A., & Villanueva-Alvaro, J.-J. (2014). SUSTAINABILITY OF NATURE: THE POWER OF THE TYPE OF VISITORS. 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The Motivational and Demographic Characteristics of Research Ecotourists: Operation Wallacea Volunteers in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Journal of Ecotourism, 3(1), 69-82. doi:10.1080/14724040408668150Lau, A. L. S., & McKercher, B. (2004). Exploration Versus Acquisition: A Comparison of First-Time and Repeat Visitors. Journal of Travel Research, 42(3), 279-285. doi:10.1177/0047287503257502McGehee, N. G., & Kim, K. (2004). Motivation for Agri-Tourism Entrepreneurship. Journal of Travel Research, 43(2), 161-170. doi:10.1177/0047287504268245Jang, S. (Shawn), & Wu, C.-M. E. (2006). Seniors’ travel motivation and the influential factors: An examination of Taiwanese seniors. Tourism Management, 27(2), 306-316. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2004.11.006Formica, S., & Uysal, M. (1998). Market Segmentation of an International Cultural-Historical Event in Italy. Journal of Travel Research, 36(4), 16-24. doi:10.1177/004728759803600402Kastenholz, E., Davis, D., & Paul, G. (1999). 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A Structure-Based Approach for Mapping Adverse Drug Reactions to the Perturbation of Underlying Biological Pathways

Adverse drug reactions (ADR), also known as side-effects, are complex undesired physiologic phenomena observed secondary to the administration of pharmaceuticals. Several phenomena underlie the emergence of each ADR; however, a dominant factor is the drug's ability to modulate one or more biological pathways. Understanding the biological processes behind the occurrence of ADRs would lead to the development of safer and more effective drugs. At present, no method exists to discover these ADR-pathway associations. In this paper we introduce a computational framework for identifying a subset of these associations based on the assumption that drugs capable of modulating the same pathway may induce similar ADRs. Our model exploits multiple information resources. First, we utilize a publicly available dataset pairing drugs with their observed ADRs. Second, we identify putative protein targets for each drug using the protein structure database and in-silico virtual docking. Third, we label each protein target with its known involvement in one or more biological pathways. Finally, the relationships among these information sources are mined using multiple stages of logistic-regression while controlling for over-fitting and multiple-hypothesis testing. As proof-of-concept, we examined a dataset of 506 ADRs, 730 drugs, and 830 human protein targets. Our method yielded 185 ADR-pathway associations of which 45 were selected to undergo a manual literature review. We found 32 associations to be supported by the scientific literature

Graduate Student Styles for Coping with Stressful Situations and Their Effect on Academic Achievement

The study was to examine the types of stressful situations that graduate students encounter, to delineate styles for coping with these situations, and to determine if these coping styles affect academic achievement. Three populations were used: Group I consisted of 22 graduates of the Clinical Psychology program at Eastern Illinois University (EIU), Group II consisted of 11 dropouts of the Clinical Psychology program, and Group III consisted of 23 currently-enrolled graduate students in the Psychology Department. It was anticipated that there would be a significant relationship between graduate students\u27 coping styles and their academic achievement, and that Type I (competent) and Type II (less competent) graduate students would have different coping styles for stressful situations. All subjects completed a questionnaire which included a cover letter outlining instructions, an information sheet, 26 descriptions or stressful situations, and rating scales for each situation. Analysis was based on the subject\u27s age, number of years out of school, self-rated competency scores, undergraduate cumulative grade-point average (CGPA) scores, and ratings (responsibility, certainty, anxiety) of three types of stressful situations (academic problems, interpersonal problems, fate-failure) obtained from the questionnaire. For Group III, a Pearson Correlation was used to investigate the relationship between subjects\u27 CGPA scores and the variables of age, number of years out of school, self-rated competency, and ratings of coping styles for stressful situations to determine a relationship between the measures and CGPA scores. For Groups I and II, six t-tests were run to determine differences between groups on the measures of age, number of years out of school, self-rated competency scores, and CGPA scores in order to establish a basis for differences in coping styles among graduate students. Results indicate that graduate students\u27 coping styles are not significantly related to academic achievement, and there was not a significant difference between graduates and dropouts to determine a difference among graduate students for comparison of coping styles