1,563 research outputs found
Porcine Neonatal Coccidiosis: A Clinical Review
Coccidiosis in neonatal swine is a clinical disease syndrome, associated with infection of the obligate intracellular parasite Isospora suis. Isospora suis infection, with or without concurrent infection of other porcine enteropathogens, is responsible for a significant portion of enteric disease in neonatal swine
Power dependence of pure spin current injection by quantum interference
We investigate the power dependence of pure spin current injection in GaAs
bulk and quantum-well samples by a quantum interference and control technique.
Spin separation is measured as a function of the relative strength of the two
transition pathways driven by two laser pulses. By keeping the relaxation time
of the current unchanged, we are able to relate the spin separation to the
injected average velocity. We find that the average velocity is determined by
the relative strength of the two transitions in the same way as in classical
interference. Based on this, we conclude that the density of injected pure spin
current increases monotonically with the excitation laser intensities. The
experimental results are consistent with theoretical calculations based on
Fermi's golden rule.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure
Arrested state of clay-water suspensions: gel or glass?
The aging of a charged colloidal system has been studied by Small Angle
X-rays Scattering, in the exchanged momentum range Q=0.03 - 5 nm-1, and by
Dynamic Light Scattering, at different clay concentrations (Cw =0.6 % - 2.8 %).
The static structure factor, S(Q), has been determined as a function of both
aging time and concentration. This is the first direct experimental evidence of
the existence and evolution with aging time of two different arrested states in
a single system simply obtained only by changing its volume fraction: an
inhomogeneous state is reached at low concentrations, while a homogenous one is
found at high concentrations.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure
The Case against Mercury as the Angrite Parent Body (APB)
Angrites are not plausibly from Mercury based on their high FeO contents and ancient ages (e.g., [1]). Rather, the early crystallization ages of angrites argues for a small asteroidal-sized parent body for these meteorites (e.g., [2]). Despite this, recently it has been proposed that Mercury is the APB [3, 4, 5, 6]. Preserved corona and symplectite textures and the presence of 120 triple junctions in NWA 2999 have been cited as requiring a planetary origin [3, 4], with the symplectites in NWA 2999 resulting from rapid decompression during uplift via thrust faults on Mercury [4], and the coronas during subsequent cooling at low pressure. Glasses along grain boundaries and exsolution lamellae possibly indicative of rapid melting and cooling in NWA 4950 are cited as evidence of rapid decompression [6]. To explain the discrepancy between spectral observations of the Mercurian surface and the high FeO contents in angrites, an early (~4.5 Ga), collisionally-stripped FeO-rich basaltic surface has been suggested for Mercury [5, 6]
Irreversible Aging Dynamics and Generic Phase Behavior of Aqueous Suspensions of Laponite
In this work we study the aging behavior of aqueous suspension of Laponite
having 2.8 weight % concentration using rheological tools. At various salt
concentration all the samples demonstrate orientational order when observed
using crossed polarizers. In rheological experiments we observe inherent
irreversibility in the aging dynamics which forces the system not to rejuvenate
to the same state in the shear melting experiment carried out at a later date
since preparation. The extensive rheological experiments carried out as a
function of time elapsed since preparation demonstrate the self similar trend
in the aging behavior irrespective of the concentration of salt. We observe
that the exploration of the low energy states as a function of aging time is
only kinetically affected by the presence of salt. We estimate that the energy
barrier to attain the low energy states decreases linearly with increase in the
concentration of salt. The observed superposition of all the elapsed time and
the salt concentration dependent data suggests that the aging that occurs in
low salt concentration systems over a very long period is qualitatively similar
to the aging behavior observed in systems with high salt concentration over a
shorter period.Comment: 27 pages, 8 figures. Langmuir, in pres
Variability of DNA Methylation within Schizophrenia Risk Loci across Subregions of Human Hippocampus
Identification of 108 genomic regions significantly associated with schizophrenia risk by the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium was a milestone for the field, and much work is now focused on determining the mechanism of risk associated with each locus. Within these regions, we investigated variability of DNA methylation, a low-level cellular phenotype closely linked to genotype, in two highly similar cellular populations sampled from the human hippocampus, to draw inferences about the elaboration of genotype to phenotype within these loci enriched for schizophrenia risk. DNA methylation was assessed with the Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadArray in tissue laser-microdissected from the stratum oriens of subfield CA1 or CA2/3, regions having unique connectivity with intrinsic and extrinsic fiber systems within the hippocampus. Samples consisted of postmortem human hippocampus tissue from eight schizophrenia patients, eight bipolar disorder patients, and eight healthy control subjects. Within these genomic regions, we observed far greater difference in methylation patterns between circuit locations within subjects than in a single subregion between subjects across diagnostic groups, demonstrating the complexity of genotype to phenotype elaboration across the diverse circuitry of the human brain
Small and large polarons in nickelates, manganites, and cuprates
By comparing the optical conductivities of La_{1.67}Sr_{0.33}NiO_{4} (LSNO),
Sr_{1.5}La_{0.5}MnO_4 (SLMO), Nd_2CuO_{4-y} (NCO), and
Nd_{1.96}Ce_{0.04}CuO_{4} (NCCO), we have identified a peculiar behavior of
polarons in this cuprate family. While in LSNO and SLMO small polarons localize
into ordered structures below a transition temperature, in those cuprates the
polarons appear to be large, and at low T their binding energy decreases. This
reflects into an increase of the polaron radius, which may trigger coherent
transport.Comment: File latex, 15 p. incl. 4 Figs. epsf, to appear on the Journal of
Superconductivity - Proc. "Stripes 1996" - Roma Dec 199
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Status of IPNS
Under the Scientific Facilities Initiative, IPNS has increased the beam time for users by 50% and is operating 25 weeks/yr. The authors have added scientific and technical staff to support the greatly expanded user program. Projects are underway to increase the capabilities for most IPNS instruments and an upgraded quasielastic spectrometer (QENS) is under construction. IPNS has been given lead responsibility for the neutron scattering instruments for the Spallation Neutron source to be built at Oak Ridge, for which instrument teams are being formed
Second-harmonic generation induced by electric currents in GaAs
We demonstrate a new, nonlinear optical effect of electric currents. First, a
steady current is generated by applying a voltage on a doped GaAs crystal. We
demonstrate that this current induces second-harmonic generation of a probe
laser pulse. Second, we optically inject a transient current in an undoped GaAs
crystal by using a pair of ultrafast laser pulses, and demonstrate that it
induces the same second-harmonic generation. In both cases, the induced
second-order nonlinear susceptibility is proportional to the current density.
This effect can be used for nondestructive, noninvasive, and ultrafast imaging
of currents. These advantages are illustrated by the real-time observations of
a coherent plasma oscillation and spatial resolution of current distribution in
a device. This new effect also provides a mechanism for electrical control of
the optical response of materials.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
Shock compaction heating and collisional processes in the production of type 3 ordinary chondrites: Lessons from the (nearly) unique L3 chondrite melt breccia Northwest Africa 8709*
Northwest Africa (NWA) 8709 is a rare example of a type 3 ordinary chondrite melt breccia and provides critical information for the shock compaction histories of chondrites. An L3 protolith for NWA 8709 is inferred on the basis of oxygen isotope composition, elemental composition, diverse mineral chemistry, and overall texture. NWA 8709 is among the most strongly shocked type 3 chondrites known, and experienced complete melting of the matrix and partial melting of chondrules. Unmelted phases underwent FeO reduction and partial homogenization, with reduction possibly occurring by reaction of olivine and low‐Ca pyroxene with an S‐bearing gas that was produced by vaporization. Chondrules and metal grains became foliated by uniaxial compaction, and during compression, chondrules and fragments became attached to form larger clumps. This process, and possibly also melt incorporation into chondrules to cause “inflation,” may have contributed to anomalously large chondrule sizes in NWA 8709. The melt breccia character is attributed to strong shock affecting a porous precursor. Data‐model comparisons suggest that a precursor with 23% porosity that was impacted by a 3 km/s projectile could have produced the meteorite. The rarity of other type 3 ordinary chondrite melt breccias implies that the immediate precursors to such chondrites were lower in porosity than the NWA 8709 precursor, or experienced weaker shocks. Altogether, the data imply a predominantly “quiet” dynamical environment to form most type 3 ordinary chondrites, with compaction occurring in a series of relatively weak shock events
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