Social Determinants of Health, the Family, and Children’s Personal Hygiene: A Comparative Study

Habits of personal hygiene are mostly acquired during childhood, and are, therefore, influenced by one’s family. Poor hygiene habits are a risk factor for preventable disease and social rejection. Social Determinants of Health (SDH) consist of contextual factors, structural mechanisms, and the individual’s socioeconomic position, which, via intermediary determinants, result in inequities of health and well–being. Dysfunctional family situations may, therefore, be generated by an unequal distribution of factors determining SDH. Little attention has been paid to the influence of the family on personal hygiene and the perception of social rejection in children. We designed a study to examine differences in personal hygiene and in the perception of social rejection between children in reception centers and children living in a family setting. A validated questionnaire on children’s personal hygiene habits was completed by 51 children in reception centers and 454 children in normal families. Hygiene habits were more deficient among the children in reception centers than among the other children in all dimensions studied. Deficient hygiene habits were observed in the offspring of families affected by the main features of social inequality, who were more likely to perceive social rejection for this reason and less likely to consider their family as the greatest influence on their personal hygiene practices

Nurses' sleep quality, work environment and quality of care in the Spanish National Health System: observational study among different shifts

OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the characteristics of nurses' work environments in hospitals in the Spanish National Health System (SNHS) with nurse reported quality of care, and how care was provided by using different shifts schemes. The study also examined the relationship between job satisfaction, burnout, sleep quality and daytime drowsiness of nurses and shift work. METHODS: This was a multicentre, observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study, centred on a self-administered questionnaire. The study was conducted in seven SNHS hospitals of different sizes. We recruited 635 registered nurses who worked on day, night and rotational shifts on surgical, medical and critical care units. Their average age was 41.1 years, their average work experience was 16.4 years and 90% worked full time. A descriptive and bivariate analysis was carried out to study the relationship between work environment, quality and safety care, and sleep quality of nurses working different shift patterns. RESULTS: 65.4% (410) of nurses worked on a rotating shift. The Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index classification ranked 20% (95) as favourable, showing differences in nurse manager ability, leadership and support between shifts (p=0.003). 46.6% (286) were sure that patients could manage their self-care after discharge, but there were differences between shifts (p=0.035). 33.1% (201) agreed with information being lost in the shift change, showing differences between shifts (p=0.002). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index reflected an average of 6.8 (SD 3.39), with differences between shifts (p=0.017). CONCLUSIONS: Nursing requires shift work, and the results showed that the rotating shift was the most common. Rotating shift nurses reported worse perception in organisational and work environmental factors. Rotating and night shift nurses were less confident about patients' competence of self-care after discharge. The most common nursing care omissions reported were related to nursing care plans. For the Global Sleep Quality score, difference were found between day and night shift workers.This study was carried out as part of a project entitled ‘Functioning of the circadian system, working environment, and the organisation of nursing care of hospitals of the National Health System’, financed by the Spanish Health Research Fund (PI 11/00646, Health Ministry), the Ministry of Science and Innovation (SAF2013-49132-C2-1-R) and the Institute of Health Carlos III (RETICEF, RD12/0043/0011, RD12/0043/0006). The project was approved by the Spanish Health Research Fund (Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias PI11/00646).S

Etnobotánica "apprehendere et iocari"

Depto. de Biodiversidad, Ecología y EvoluciónFac. de Ciencias BiológicasFALSEsubmitte

Educational Interventions for Teaching Evidence-Based Practice to Undergraduate Nursing Students: A Scoping Review

Background: Evidence-based practice (EBP) is the appropriate approach to guide healthcare personnel in their clinical practice. Despite the importance of EBP, undergraduate nursing students are not very much engaged and have a lack of knowledge and skills. Aim: The aim of this study was to gather, assess and synthesize evidence on educational interventions promoting evidence-based practice competencies in traditional undergraduate nursing students. Methods: This is a scoping review on sixteen English and non-English databases. A data extraction form was established including authors, year of publication, country, types of participant, specific objectives, study design, educational intervention, comparison if existed, and outcomes of significance. Results: The search strategy retrieved 8901 records in total. After screening for duplicates and eligibility, 20 articles were included in the qualitative synthesis. Improvement in EBP domains such as knowledge, skills, attitudes/behaviours, EBP beliefs, use, practice, level of evidence, critical thinking and future use of EBP were mentioned and assessed in different studies. Conclusions: EBP training can improve nursing students’ capacity in healthcare provision. Teaching EBP competencies along undergraduate nursing curricula should be a high priority at nursing programmes. The use of innovative approaches seems to be more effective than traditional ways. Education of EBP increases its future use and critical thinking and EBP programs improve self-efficacy and the level of evidence utilization

Latin America Echinoderm Biodiversity and Biogeography: Patterns and Affinities

We investigated the current patterns of diversity by country and by class of echinoderms, and analyzed their biogeographical, depth, and habitat or substratum affinities, using the database of the appendix of this book. Traditionally, the area has been divided into five biogeographical Regions and nine Provinces that cover a wide climate range. Currently, the echinoderm fauna of Latin America and Canary islands is constituted by 1,539 species, with 82 species of Crinoidea, 392 species of Asteroidea, 521 species of Ophiuroidea, 242 species of Echinoidea and 302 species of Holothuroidea. Species richness is highly variable among the different countries. The number of species for the countries is highly dependent on its coast length. The echinoderm fauna of the Panamic, Galápagos and the Chilean regions are biogeographically related. Other regions that are closely related are the Caribbean, West Indian, Lusitania and Brazilian. Cosmopolitan species are an important component in all the regions. Affinities between faunas are a consequence of the combination of climatic and trophic factors, connectivity as a function of distance, currents patterns and historical processes. Moreover, different environmental factors would be responsible for the faunal composition and species distribution at different spatial scales. The bathymetrical distribution of the echinoderm classes and the species richness varies according to the depth range and the ocean. Most species occurred at depths between 20 and 200 m. The Caribbean-Atlantic regions are richest in shallow depths, while the Pacific coast has higher values in deeper waters. The domination of each class in each substrate and habitat categories also varies differentially along each coast.Fil: Pérez Ruzafa, Ángel. Universidad de La Laguna; EspañaFil: Alvarado, Juan José. Universidad de Costa Rica. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología; Costa RicaFil: Solís Marín, F. A.. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Hernández, José Carlos. Universidad de La Laguna; EspañaFil: Morata, Alex. Universidad de La Laguna; EspañaFil: Marcos, C.. Universidad de La Laguna; EspañaFil: Abreu Pérez, M.. Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología y Medio Ambiente.; CubaFil: Aguilera, Orangel. Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi; BrasilFil: Alió, J.. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrícolas; VenezuelaFil: Bacallado Aránega, J. J.. Muso de la Naturaleza y El Hombre de Tenerife; EspañaFil: Barraza, E. Tomás. Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales; El SalvadorFil: Benavides Serrato, M.. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ColombiaFil: Benítez Villalobos, F.. Universidad del Mar; MéxicoFil: Betancourt Fernández, L.. Programa Ecomar, Inc; República DominicanaFil: Borges, Margarida. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; BrasilFil: Brandt, M.. University Brown; Estados UnidosFil: Brogger, Martin Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Borrero Pérez, G. H.. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ColombiaFil: Buitrón Sánchez, B. E.. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Campos, L. S.. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Cantera, J. R.. Universidad del Valle; ColombiaFil: Clemente, Sabrina. Universidad de La Laguna; EspañaFil: Cohen Renfijo, M.. Universite de la Mediterranee; FranciaFil: Coppard, S. E.. Smithsonian Tropical Researchh Institute; PanamáFil: Costa Lotufo, L. V.. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Guanuco de García, María del Valle. Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología y Medio Ambiente.; CubaFil: Díaz de Vivar, María Enriqueta Adela. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Sede Puerto Madryn; ArgentinaFil: Díaz Martinez, J. P.. Universidad del Mar; MéxicoFil: Díaz, Yudiesky Cancio. Universidad Simón Bolívar; VenezuelaFil: Durán González, A.. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Epherra, Lucía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Rubilar Panasiuk, Cynthia Tamara. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Pérez, Analía Fernanda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentin