Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Incidencia del sistema de administración de los establecimientos educacionales en los resultados del SIMCE de cuarto año de educación básica en lenguaje y matemática: Estudios realizado en algunos establecimientos de la Regiones Metropolitana, Valparaíso, Bío-Bío De los Ríos y Magallanes

Tesis (Magíster en Desarrollo Curricular y Proyectos Educativos)El presente trabajo de investigación para optar al grado de Magister, se inscribe en el campo de la educación y aborda el tema relacionado con la incidencia de los Sistemas de Administración, descritos en el “Perfil de las características Organizacionales” de Rensis Likert, adaptado por T. Ostoic y B. Rojo de la Universidad Católica del norte, en los resultados SIMCE de cuarto año básico en lenguaje y matemática en establecimientos educacionales. Este estudio, pretende dar respuesta a la posible relación existente entre un Sistema de Administración y los resultados académicos de los estudiantes frente a esta prueba. Además, intentará demostrar si eventualmente un Sistema de Administración determinado, favorecería en alguna medida las puntuaciones y niveles de logros del SIMCE en alumnos de cuarto año básico.The following research has been done to opt for the Magister Degree. It is enrolled in the Educational Field and tackles all topics related to the effects of the Administrative System which are described in “ The Profile of the Organizational features” by Rensis Likert, adapted by T. Ostoic y B. Rojo from Catolica del Norte University, considering the final result of the SIMCE exam in the area of Language and Maths which is accurately given by 4th grades in Primary school. This investigation pretends to give an answer to the possible connection between an Administrative System and the results obtained by the students in this exam. Moreover, it will try to demonstrate if a determined Administrative System helps to the final results as well as to the achievements in the SIMCE test done by 4th Primary students