Computation of an industrial equilibrium

Economics

Optimal Scheduling Using Branch and Bound with SPIN 4.0

The use of model checkers to solve discrete optimisation problems is appealing. A model checker can first be used to verify that the model of the problem is correct. Subsequently, the same model can be used to find an optimal solution for the problem. This paper describes how to apply the new PROMELA primitives of SPIN 4.0 to search effectively for the optimal solution. We show how Branch-and-Bound techniques can be added to the LTL property that is used to find the solution. The LTL property is dynamically changed during the verification. We also show how the syntactical reordering of statements and/or processes in the PROMELA model can improve the search even further. The techniques are illustrated using two running examples: the Travelling Salesman Problem and a job-shop scheduling problem

Optimal Provision of Infrastructure Using Public-Private Partnership Contracts

This paper deals with the optimal provision of infrastructure by means of public-private partnership contracts.In the economic literature infrastructure is characterized as a large, indivisible and non-rival capital good that produces services for its users.Users can be both consumers and producers. Consumers may derive utility from infrastructure, either indirectly, because it facilitates the use of some particular private good, or directly, because it is available for this facility.Examples are roads that facilitate the use of private cars, or computer systems facilitating the use of personal computers. Producers may use infrastructure as one of their production factors.The non-rivalness or nonexcludability of the infrastructure and the large costs to produce and maintain the infrastructure causes it to be a public good.On the other hand, infrastructure also possesses characteristics of a private commodity because it facilitates of the use of a complementary private commodity.Modern information-technological developments open new possibilities to eveal the need of individual users for a specific public infrastructure, by monitoring the private use they make of it.Consequently, a large part of the public financing of infrastructure can be privatised.That forms the base for public private partnerships to establish and maintain infrastructure.In this paper we discuss the design of an operational system to finance the costs of infrastructure.It will be shown that the system basically can result in an economically efficient level of infrastructure.The basic idea is that use of infrastructure is constrained by the availability of the infrastructure being provided.Therefore users who are hampered by too small a provision of the infrastructure are willing to pay for the use of infrastructure.contracts;general equilibrium;infrastructure;public goods;efficiency;public private partnerships

Optimal provision of infrastructure using public-private partnership contracts

This paper deals with the optimal provision of infrastructure by means of public-private partnership contracts.In the economic literature infrastructure is characterized as a large, indivisible and non-rival capital good that produces services for its users.Users can be both consumers and producers. Consumers may derive utility from infrastructure, either indirectly, because it facilitates the use of some particular private good, or directly, because it is available for this facility.Examples are roads that facilitate the use of private cars, or computer systems facilitating the use of personal computers. Producers may use infrastructure as one of their production factors.The non-rivalness or nonexcludability of the infrastructure and the large costs to produce and maintain the infrastructure causes it to be a public good.On the other hand, infrastructure also possesses characteristics of a private commodity because it facilitates of the use of a complementary private commodity.Modern information-technological developments open new possibilities to eveal the need of individual users for a specific public infrastructure, by monitoring the private use they make of it.Consequently, a large part of the public financing of infrastructure can be privatised.That forms the base for public private partnerships to establish and maintain infrastructure.In this paper we discuss the design of an operational system to finance the costs of infrastructure.It will be shown that the system basically can result in an economically efficient level of infrastructure.The basic idea is that use of infrastructure is constrained by the availability of the infrastructure being provided.Therefore users who are hampered by too small a provision of the infrastructure are willing to pay for the use of infrastructure.

Signaling devices for the supply of semi-public goods

SIGLEAvailable from Bibliothek des Instituts fuer Weltwirtschaft, ZBW, Duesternbrook Weg 120, D-24105 Kiel / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman