OLTARIS: On-Line Tool for the Assessment of Radiation in Space

The On-Line Tool for the Assessment of Radiation In Space (OLTARIS) is a World Wide Web based tool that assesses the effects of space radiation to humans in items such as spacecraft, habitats, rovers, and spacesuits. This document explains the basis behind the interface and framework used to input the data, perform the assessment, and output the results to the user as well as the physics, engineering, and computer science used to develop OLTARIS. The physics is based on the HZETRN2005 and NUCFRG2 research codes. The OLTARIS website is the successor to the SIREST website from the early 2000 s. Modifications have been made to the code to enable easy maintenance, additions, and configuration management along with a more modern web interface. Over all, the code has been verified, tested, and modified to enable faster and more accurate assessments. The next major areas of modification are more accurate transport algorithms, better uncertainty estimates, and electronic response functions. Improvements in the existing algorithms and data occur continuously and are logged in the change log section of the website

The medical student

The Medical Student was published from 1888-1921 by the students of Boston University School of Medicine

[George Francis Jack Bergman (1900-1979)].

Obituary for George Francis Bergman (né Georg Franz Bergmann).Georg Franz Bergmann was born in 1900 in Lissa, Posen. After finishing his legal studies in various German universities and joining various fraternities, he worked as a lawyer in Munich from 1929 to 1933, when he escaped Nazism to Paris. In 1939 he joined the Foreign Legion in North Africa, but was interned by the Vichy government in 1940. After his liberation in 1943 he joined the British Army and emigrated to Australia in 1947, where he changed his name to George Francis Bergman. He eventually joined the civil service in Australia and became highly active in the Australian Jewish Historical Society, publishing many articles for its journal. Bergman died in 1979 at Vila, New Hebrides, Australia

Sir Alfred Stephen and divorce law reform in New South Wales, 1886-1892

The laws governing marriage and divorce have always been of the utmost importance to both the Church and to the State, for the family is the foundation of morality. The Australian Colonies inherited the English marriage laws, but not, after 1856, their divorce laws. The English in turn based their laws on the Christian ideal of marriage and the canon law. Until the Middle Ages, the simple consent of both parties, without any religious ceremony, was deemed sufficient to constitute a valid marriage. In the twelfth century the Church raised marriage to the status of a sacrament, and held it to be absolutely indissoluble. The Council of Trent made its celebration by a priest essential for the validity of the marriage, and, at the same time, reinforced the medieval idea that marriage was a formidable barrier to spiritual purity when it reaffirmed the celibacy of the priesthood and pronounced anathema on anyone who dared to say that "the state of marriage is to be preferred to the state of virginity or celibacy