3 research outputs found
Persistent hypotony after primary trabeculectomy with mitomycin C Hipotonia persistente depois de trabeculectomia primária com mitomicina C
Purpose: To describe the clinical findings and treatment modalities of persistent hypotony following primary trabeculectomy with mitomycin C. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 9 eyes with persistent hypotony, which was defined as intraocular pressure less than or equal to 5 mmHg for more than 2 months. Results: Mean hypotony duration was 7.4 months (standard deviation (SD) ± 6.7 months, range 2 to 23 months). Associated findings included choroidal detachment (2 eyes) and maculopathy (5 eyes). All patients who developed maculopathy were relatively young (mean age = 37 years old, SD ± 16, range 18 to 79 years). Treatments included bandaged contact lens, autologous blood injection, phacoemulsification, resuturing of the scleral flap, scleral patch graft, and Simmons' shell. After treatment, intraocular pressure (IOP) raised in all patients (mean final IOP = 11.1 mmHg, SD ± 3.5). On the first day of hypotony, the mean IOP was 3 mmHg (SD ±1.7). At the last follow up, visual acuity (VA) was unchanged in 3 eyes, worsened in 2 eyes (by 2 Snellen lines), and improved (by 1 to 4 Snellen lines) in 4 eyes. Of those eyes whose VA improved, 3 had undergone phacoemulsification. Conclusion: Hypotony after trabeculectomy with mitomycin C can be reversed with possible improvement in vision.<br>Objetivo: Descrever os achados clínicos e as modalidades de tratamento da hipotonia persistente após trabeculectomia primária com mitomicina C. Método: Foram retrospectivamente analisados 9 olhos com hipotonia persistente, a qual foi definida como pressão intra-ocular igual ou menor que 5 mmHg por mais que 2 meses. Resultado: Tempo médio de duração da hipotonia foi de 7.4 meses, desvio padrão ± 6.7 meses. Complicações associadas à hipotonia incluíram descolamento de coróide (2 olhos), maculopatia (5 olhos). Todos os pacientes que desen-volveram maculopatia eram relativamente novos (idade media de 37 anos, desvio padrão ±16). Tratamentos incluíram lente de contato, injeção autóloga de sangue, facoemulsificação, re-sutura do retalho escleral, e concha de Simmons. Após tratamento, houve melhora da pressão intra-ocular (PIO) em todos os pacientes (média final da PIO= 11.1 mmHg, desvio padrão ±3.51, média da PIO no 1° dia = 3 mmHg, desvio padrão ±1.7). Na última visita, a acuidade visual (AV) permaneceu constante em 3 olhos, piorou em 2 olhos ( piora de 2 linhas de Snellen). Houve melhora da AV em 4 olhos (1 a 4 linhas de Snellen). Foi realizada facoemulsificação em 3 olhos dentre aqueles em que houve melhora da acuidade visual. Conclusão: Hipotonia pós-trabeculectomia com mitomicina C pode ser reversível com possível melhora da visão
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Effect of Metformin and Lifestyle Interventions on Mortality in the Diabetes Prevention Program and Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study
ObjectiveTo determine whether metformin or lifestyle modification can lower rates of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in the Diabetes Prevention Program and Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.Research design and methodsFrom 1996 to 1999, 3,234 adults at high risk for type 2 diabetes were randomized to an intensive lifestyle intervention, masked metformin, or placebo. Placebo and lifestyle interventions stopped in 2001, and a modified lifestyle program was offered to everyone, but unmasked study metformin continued in those originally randomized. Causes of deaths through 31 December 2018 were adjudicated by blinded reviews. All-cause and cause-specific mortality hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated from Cox proportional hazards regression models and Fine-Gray models, respectively.ResultsOver a median of 21 years (interquartile range 20-21), 453 participants died. Cancer was the leading cause of death (n = 170), followed by cardiovascular disease (n = 131). Compared with placebo, metformin did not influence mortality from all causes (HR 0.99 [95% CI 0.79, 1.25]), cancer (HR 1.04 [95% CI 0.72, 1.52]), or cardiovascular disease (HR 1.08 [95% CI 0.70, 1.66]). Similarly, lifestyle modification did not impact all-cause (HR 1.02 [95% CI 0.81, 1.28]), cancer (HR 1.07 [95% CI 0.74, 1.55]), or cardiovascular disease (HR 1.18 [95% CI 0.77, 1.81]) mortality. Analyses adjusted for diabetes status and duration, BMI, cumulative glycemic exposure, and cardiovascular risks yielded results similar to those for all-cause mortality.ConclusionsCancer was the leading cause of mortality among adults at high risk for type 2 diabetes. Although metformin and lifestyle modification prevented diabetes, neither strategy reduced all-cause, cancer, or cardiovascular mortality rates