Crossed Fused Renal Ectopia: A Rare Malformation Diagnosed in Context of Pyelonephritis in Yaounde – Cameroon

The authors report a case of crossed renal ectopia with fusion of the upper renal poles, a rare congenital anomaly of the urinary system in which one of the two kidneys is on the contralateral side, the ureter of the ectopic kidney crosses the midline to plug into the bladder on the normal side. For this 8-year-old male patient, radiological exploration was performed for periumbilical and hypogastric abdominal pain with fever and dysuria caused by a pyelonephritis. Some cases of crossed-renal ectopia remain asymptomatic and the diagnosis is often incidental. Abdominal ultrasound is the first-line imaging technique for the diagnosis which is confirmed by the CT-scan. The interest of this case is both epidemiological, diagnostic and didactic because it is very rare and the medical imaging plays an important role to underpin this diagnosis

Crossed Fused Renal Ectopia: A Rare Malformation Diagnosed in Context of Pyelonephritis in Yaounde – Cameroon

The authors report a case of crossed renal ectopia with fusion of the upper renal poles, a rare congenital anomaly of the urinary system in which one of the two kidneys is on the contralateral side, the ureter of the ectopic kidney crosses the midline to plug into the bladder on the normal side. For this 8-year-old male patient, radiological exploration was performed for periumbilical and hypogastric abdominal pain with fever and dysuria caused by a pyelonephritis. Some cases of crossed-renal ectopia remain asymptomatic and the diagnosis is often incidental. Abdominal ultrasound is the first-line imaging technique for the diagnosis which is confirmed by the CT-scan. The interest of this case is both epidemiological, diagnostic and didactic because it is very rare and the medical imaging plays an important role to underpin this diagnosis

Arterial stiffness in black African ancestry patients with chronic kidney disease living in Cameroon

Background: Increased aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV), a direct measure of arterial stiffness (AS) is an independent predictor of cardiovascular events (CVEs) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. This study assessed the patterns of PWV among Cameroonian patients with CKD in whom that marker of early vascular aging has not been explored so far. Methods: We enrolled 150 Black African patients (mean age: 52±15 years, 56.7% males) with CKD in a cross-sectional study conducted at Douala General Hospital, Douala, Cameroon. Sociodemographic, anthropometric and biologic variables, blood pressure (BP) and PWV were recorded in all participants. Estimated aortic PWV was measured using a Mobil-O-Graph automatic brachial oscillometric device. Results: PWV increased with aging (P<0.0001), and PWV adjusted for age, sex, body mass index and mean arterial BP (MAP) was higher in non-dialysed (n=90) than in hemodialysed (n=60) patients, even in pre-dialysis: 8.5±2.0 vs. 7.9±1.4 m/s (P=0.026); and in post-dialysis: 8.5±2.0 vs. 7.8±1.5 m/s (P=0.008). The mean PWV of all study participants was 8.2±1.8 m/s, with 61.3% of patients having a PWV ≥8.2 m/s, indicative of subclinical damage to the aorta, which was more pronounced in non-dialysis (67.8%) than in hemodialysis (53.3%) patients (P=0.033). Multivariable analysis performed in all participants revealed that advanced age, MAP and tobacco use were independently associated with PWV (all P<0.05). Conclusions: Our findings suggest increased AS in Cameroonian CKD non-dialyzed as compared to dialyzed patients. Slower PWV in patients on maintenance hemodialysis suggests improvement of aortic distensibility following dialysis. However, further large-scale studies are needed to confirm our findings and to improve understanding of the underlying mechanisms of arterial stiffening in black African ancestry patients with CKD.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe