Numerical Solution of Double Integral of Singular Derivatives Using Trapezoidal Method with Romberg Acceleration

The goal of this paper is to evaluate numerically a double integral of partial Derivatives Using RTRT Method. For Trapezoidal method (one of Newton-Cotes formula) which will be based on two dimensions x and y. In addition to that Romberg acceleration rule will be used to get more accurate results together with less time (faster convergence) and number of subintervals which are involved. We shall refer to this method by RTRT, where R stands for Romberg acceleration and T for Trapezoidal rule

Using An Accelerating Method With The Trapezoidal And Mid-Point Rules To Evaluate The Double Integrals With Continuous Integrands Numerically

In this research we have used a compound method which is composed of Trapezoidal and Mid-Point Rules to evaluate the approximate values of the double Integrals with Continuous Integrands because of the resultant approximate values are fast when approximating from the true values of integrals if compared with other Newton -Cotes formulas. [ S.S. Sastry, 2008". The symbol of this rule is TM, in this method 2n is, the number of subintervals [a,b], equivalent to 2m ( the number of subintervals of [c,d] and (h=ћ), we accelerate the resultant approximate to the true values of integrals through applying Aitken's accelerate on the compound rule TM to procure a new method we called it A(TM) where the symbol A indicates to the Aitken’s acceleration method and the symbol TM ( y indicates to the Trapezoidal rule on the external and x indicates to the Mid-point rule on the internal dimensions). Keywords: double integrals, Trapezoidal and Mid-Point Rules and Newton-Cote

Proposed Video Watermarking Algorithm based on Edge or Corner Regions

In this research, a watermark algorithm is proposed to embed a secretmessage in a digital video. The proposed algorithm exploits edges and cornersregions in images, to be hosts for hiding secret bits. Embedding in these regionsis consider optimal since these regions featuring with colors variation, soembedding will not effect on uniform distribution of colors, and on transparencyrequirement. The process of embedding and extracting watermarked massage isimplemented by decomposition digital video to several images (frames), thenselecting the edges and corners regions to be host locations, Least SignificantBit (LSB) techniques are used to embed watermarked message in images ofdigital video. Investigations results proved that number of hidden bits in cornerregion is small in comparison with edges regions, but it is harder to detect. Textmessage before embedded in video frames is encrypted by Advanced EncryptionAlgorithm (AES) to increase security and robustness of watermarking process

Closed Ideal with Respect a Binary Operation * On BCK-Algebra

In this paper, we define a new ideal of BCK-algebra, we call it a closed ideal with respect a binary operation ∗, and denoted by (∗ -closed ideal). We stated and proved some properties on closed ideal and give some examples on it. Indexing Terms/Keywords: BCK-algebra, Closed Ideal, A Binary Operation ∗ on BCK-Algebra

The Complete Solution of some Kinds of Linear Third Order Partial Differential Equations with Three Independent Variables and variable coefficients

In this paper we find the complete solution of some kinds of linear third order partial differential equations of variable coefficients with three independent variables which have the general form  Where A,B,…,T are variable coefficients . By use the some assumptions will transform the above equation to thenonlinear second order ordinary differential equation

Microbiological quality of keropok lekor during processing

Keropok lekor is an important fish product in Malaysia. The customer demands for keropok lekor have been increasing. This study was conducted to analyze the microbiological quality of keropok lekor in every stage of its processing, namely mincing, mixing, kneading, boiling and cooling. When processing keropok lekor, the boiling of keropok lekor at 100°C for 10 min reduced the Total Plate Counts (4.38±0.47 log10 cfu/g), psychrotrophic counts (2.00 ± 0.00 log10 cfu/g), mesophilic sporeformer counts (1.26 ± 0.34 log10 cfu/g) and total coliform counts (1.71±0.51 log Most Probable Number/g) significantly (p>0.05). However, the microbial counts were found to increase significantly (p<0.05) after the cooling process, except for the yeast and mold counts and Staphylococcus aureus counts. The presumptive predominant microorganisms, isolated before the boiling stage, were members of the Enterobacteriaceae family and those belonging to Pseudomonas, Vibrio, Staphylococcus, Bacillus and Micrococcus. After the boiling stage, the presumptive predominant microorganisms were members of Enterobacteriace family and those belonging to Micrococcus, Bacillus, Staphylococcus and Aerococcus

Histamine and histamine-forming bacteria in keropok lekor(Malaysian fish sausage)during processing.

Keropok lekor at different processing stages were obtained and examined for total volatile bases (TVB), trimethylamine (TMA), putrescine, cadaverine and histamine and their forming bacteria. TVB and TMA levels decreased significantly (p < 0.05) after boiling from 7.29 to 4.68 mg/ 100g and 3.38 to 1.81 mg/ 100g, respectively. After cooling stage, the levels of TMA, putrescine, cadaverine and histamine in keropok lekor were increased significantly (p < 0.05). Putrescine, cadaverine and histamine level for all samples was found less than allowable level, which is 50 ppm. Bacteria forming putrescine, cadaverine and histamine reduced significantly (p < 0.05) after boiling stage and it was increased significantly (p < 0.05) after cooling stage. Before the boiling stage, microorganisms isolated producing putrescine, cadaverine and histamine were members of the family Enterobacteriaceae and also members of Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas and Micrococcus genera. Members of the genera Pseudomonas that produce biogenic amines were not found from keropok lekor after the boiling stage

Characterization of Vibrio vulnificus isolated from cockles (Anadara granosa): antimicrobial resistance, plasmid profiles and random amplification of polymorphic DNA analysis

Antibiotic susceptibility, plasmid profiles and random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) were used to study strains of Vibrio vulnificus isolated from cockles (Anadara granosa). Thirty-six isolates were analyzed. The prevalent biotypes were 1 (72.2% of the isolates) and 2 (27.8%). Among these, 21 strains of biotype 1 and two strains of biotype 2 contained plasmid DNA bands ranging in size from 1.4 to 9.7 MDa. Thirty-one (83.3%) were found to be resistant to one or more of the antimicrobial agents tested, however no specific correlation between antimicrobial resistance patterns and a single biotype was found. In addition, no particular plasmid profile was predictive of a particular pattern of antibiotic susceptibility. Two primers produced polymorphisms in all strains tested, producing bands ranging from 0.25 to 2.7 kb, indicating a high variability among both biotype 1 and biotype 2 of the V. vulnificus strains investigated. RAPD identity across biotypes was also observed among Vibrio vulnificus strains

Aeration and yeast extract requirements for kojic acid production by Aspergillus flavus link

Growth and kojic acid production by Aspergillus flavus Link 44-1 were studied at different levels of dissolved oxygen tension (DOT) using a 2-l stirred tank fermenter. In all experiments, agitation was fixed at 600 rpm and DOT was controlled at different levels by varying airflow rates. Single-phase DOT control at three different levels (30, 50, and 80% saturation) did not enhance kojic acid production when compared to fermentation without DOT control (13.5 g l-l). The production of kojic acid in a fermentation with single-phase DOT control at 80% was comparable to that of a fermentation without DOT control. Decreased DOT levels below 80% reduced the production of kojic acid significantly although the biomass increased. When DOT was controlled at a very high level (80%) during active growth and then decreased to a low level (30%) during the production phase (i.e., two-phase DOT control), the production of kojic acid (28.9 g l-l) was increased by about two times compared to a fermentation without DOT control; however, when yeast extract was added continuously in a fermentation with two-phase DOT control, active growth occurred during the production phase and the maximum accumulation of kojic acid was reduced significantly. High DOT during on active growth phase and no addition of yeast extract during the production phase were required to enhance kojic acid biosynthesis. The most effective control strategy for kojic acid production, therefore, was to control DOT at very high levels during active growth and not add a nitrogen source during the production phase while using low levels of DOT

Distortional Lateral Torsional Buckling for Simply Supported Beams with Web Cleats

Critical moment expressions for steel beams based on elastic lateral torsional buckling as given in classical solutions and present standard provisions are based on assumed fully restrained support conditions and simplifying kinematic assumptions which neglect distortional effects. The present study carefully examines the applicability of such assumptions in the case of simply supported beams with double angle cleat connections. A parametric study based on shell finite element analysis is first conducted on steel beams and end connection details of common configurations. It is shown that, throughout buckling, (a) typical cleat angles provide only partial twist restraints to beam ends, and (b) beams undergo some distortion not captured in the classical solution, both phenomena resulting in a reduced critical moment capacity. The associated critical moments are then quantified by applying three modifiers to existing design provisions: (1) a partial twist restraint factor based on a potential energy formulation, (2) a distortional coefficient based on regression analysis of FEA results, and (3) a standard dependent factor which ensures consistency in buckling predictions based on various design standards. The modified procedure is shown to yield critical moments that are consistent with those based on FEA buckling simulations. Comparative design examples are then provided to illustrate the merits and applicability of the proposed procedure in practical design situations.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author