Techniques for Species Comparison in Violets

In the course of research on the taxonomy and evolution of various species of violets during the past ten years several techniques have been used which have proven effective in comparison of total species differences among wild violets. Two of these techniques are described below

A Checklist of the Vascular Flora of Poweshiek County, Iowa

In spite of the fact that Poweshiek County has been the collecting ground for such eminent professional or amateur botanists as H. W. Norris, Frank W. Johnson, and Henry S. Conard, no list of county plants, verified by herbarium specimens, has yet appeared in print. In addition, references to plants of Poweshiek County in the various papers on different genera in Iowa have been very scarce. The first edition of the Grinnell Flora by H. S. Conard was a list of the plants, both wild and cultivated, of Grinnell and vicinity_, but the geographical limits of its coverage are uncertain. In addition it included only the commoner plants and voucher specimens of many of them were apparently not filed at Grinnell

Plant Communities of the Apple River Canyon, Wisconsin

One of the most attractive scenic features to be found in the vicinity of Minneapolis, Minnesota, is the steep, narrow gorge of Apple River. This gorge or canyon extends for a mile in an almost exact east-west direction and is located about one mile east of the junction of Apple River with the St. Croix River. The two rivers join about eight miles north of Stillwater, Minnesota, in St. Croix Co., Wisconsin. Apple River, though at present a small shallow stream, must have been much larger in the past, for it occupies, in its lower reaches, a canyon perhaps two hundred yards wide and about 200 feet deep, with high cliffs on either side. Figure 1 is a rough sketch of the canyon in cross-section. The upper cliffs are not always as vertical as indicated in the drawing, being occasionally interrupted by smaller erosion gullies, talus slides, and small ledges. The vegetation here is of paramount interest due to its diversity. Its zonation may be briefly sketched as follows. On the upland to the north stands an oak forest (Figure 2); on the south-facing bevel a strip of prairie grasses, these sometimes extending down the cliffs on upper talus slopes (Figures 3 and 6); on the south facing cliffs (Figure 5) there are only a few mosses, lichens, liverworts, and rock ferns; on the lowest talus and floodplain are young floodplain forest; on the talus slopes on the north-facing side a mesic forest is found, composed of an admixture of northern evergreens and deciduous trees (Figure 4); on the north-facing cliffs mostly cryptogams; on the north-facing bevel a very narrow, interrupted strip of prairie; and on the upland to the south, cultivated fields

Natural Forests of the Edmund Niles Huyck Preserve, New York

The Edmund Niles Huyck Preserve is an area of approximately 470 acres, set aside for scientific study and recreational purposes in 1931, in commemoration of the interests and ideals of Edmund Niles Huyck, a prominent New York industrialist. Since that time the plant life of the Preserve has been kept free from disturbance, other than the clearing of a few paths through the woodlands. Active preservation of this area actually began in 1899 with the acquisition by Mr. Huyck of most of the land immediately surrounding Lake Myosotis. Since the founding of the Preserve, it has been the custom to have one or more resident naturalists present during each growing season. More than fifty papers have resulted from the research done here

All done by mirrors: reflectivity in the novels of Elizabeth Taylor (1912-75)

Elizabeth Taylor's texts are elusive and allusive. Part 1 offers a biographical sketch of the writer, then applies theory, drawing on and adapting the work of Harold Bloom, Roman Ingarden, Michael Riffaterre, Linda Hutcheon and Patricia Waugh, among others, to describe and account for the bare style and the high degree of referentiality. Seven kinds of "reflectivity" are proposed, with special attention to self-reflectivity - "reflexivity." The presence of "structural reflexivity" is shown in the first novel.Part 2 discusses the other 11 novels and one novella in pairs linked by the texts which they reflect (upon), as follows: Palladian (1946) and "Hester Lilly" are located within the Gothic tradition in women's writing, but their application of a Bloomian kenosis to its major text, Jane Eyre (1847), is noted. A View of The Harbour (1947) and A Wreath Of Roses (1949) are discussed in terms of their refusal of Woolfian "vision. " A Game Of Hide And Seek (1951) and The Sleeping Beauty are interrelated with the Grimm fairy tale. Two major characters in Angel (1957) and The Wedding Group (1968) are shown to be based on real people and their psychology to define one theme. Two Henry James novels are detected as the parallel texts for In A Summer Season (1961) and The Soul Of Kindness (1964), with two allegories also drawn in by allusion. Lastly, Mrs Palfrey At The Claremont (1971) and Blaming (1976) are contrasted in their reflectivity and the latter's application of kenosis to itself and the whole oeuvre