Eating Disorder Behaviors Are Increasing: Findings from Two Sequential Community Surveys in South Australia

Background: evidence for an increase in the prevalence of eating disorders is inconsistent. Our aim was to determine change in the population point prevalence of eating disorder behaviors over a 10-year period. \ud \ud Methodology/Principal Findings: eating disorder behaviors were assessed in consecutive general population surveys of men and women conducted in 1995 (n = 3001, 72% respondents) and 2005 (n = 3047, 63.1% respondents). Participants were randomly sampled from households in rural and metropolitan South Australia. There was a significant (all p,0.01) and over two-fold increase in the prevalence of binge eating, purging (self-induced vomiting and/or laxative or diuretic misuse) and strict dieting or fasting for weight or shape control among both genders. The most common diagnosis in 2005 was either binge eating disorder or other ‘‘eating\ud disorders not otherwise specified’’ (EDNOS; n = 119, 4.2%). \ud \ud Conclusions/Significance: in this population sample the point prevalence of eating disorder behaviors increased over the past decade. Cases of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, as currently defined, remain uncommon

Radically open-dialectical behavior therapy for adult anorexia nervosa: feasibility and outcomes from an inpatient program

Background Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is a highly life-threatening disorder that is extremely difficult to treat. There is evidence that family-based therapies are effective for adolescent AN, but no treatment has been proven to be clearly effective for adult AN. The methodological challenges associated with studying the disorder have resulted in recommendations that new treatments undergo preliminary testing prior to being evaluated in a randomized clinical trial. The aim of this study was to provide preliminary evidence on the effectiveness of a treatment program based on a novel adaptation of Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) for adult Anorexia Nervosa (Radically Open-DBT; RO-DBT) that conceptualizes AN as a disorder of overcontrol. Methods Forty-seven individuals diagnosed with Anorexia Nervosa-restrictive type (AN-R; mean admission body mass index = 14.43) received the adapted DBT inpatient program (mean length of treatment = 21.7 weeks). Results Seventy-two percent completed the treatment program demonstrating substantial increases in body mass index (BMI; mean change in BMI = 3.57) corresponding to a large effect size (d = 1.91). Thirty-five percent of treatment completers were in full remission, and an additional 55% were in partial remission resulting in an overall response rate of 90%. These same individuals demonstrated significant and large improvements in eating-disorder related psychopathology symptoms (d = 1.17), eating disorder-related quality of life (d = 1.03), and reductions in psychological distress (d = 1.34). Conclusions RO-DBT was associated with significant improvements in weight gain, reductions in eating disorder symptoms, decreases in eating-disorder related psychopathology and increases in eating disorder-related quality of life in a severely underweight sample. These findings provide preliminary support for RO-DBT in treating AN-R suggesting the importance of further evaluation examining long-term outcomes using randomized controlled trial methodology

Critérios diagnósticos para os transtornos alimentares: conceitos em evolução Diagnostic criteria for eating disorders: evolving concepts

O presente artigo apresenta o "estado de arte" da discussão acerca dos critérios diagnósticos atuais dos transtornos alimentares: Anorexia Nervosa (AN), Bulimia Nervosa (BN) e Transtorno da Compulsão Alimentar Periódica (TCAP). Dentre os aspectos controversos da AN, destacam-se: a concepção da distorção de imagem corporal, a necessidade da presença de amenorréia para o diagnóstico e a possibilidade de manifestação de AN sem seu aspecto característico, o medo de engordar, em culturas não ocidentalizadas. Quanto à BN, discute-se especialmente a concepção de compulsão alimentar sua freqüência e duração necessárias para o diagnóstico. O artigo apresenta também os critérios sugeridos para o diagnóstico de TCAP e comenta sua difícil distinção com a BN não purgativa. As questões aqui discutidas possibilitarão o aprimoramento da nosologia da área.<br>This article presents the "the state of art" of the discussion over the current diagnostic criteria for eating disorders: Anorexia Nervosa (AN), Bulimia Nervosa (BN) and Binge-Eating Disorder (BED). Within the controversial aspects of AN, it is outlined: the conception of body image disturbance, the necessity of amenorrhea fpr the diagnosis and the possibility of AN without its characteristic aspect, the morbid fear of weight, in not Westernized cultures. For BN, it is specially discussed the conception of binge-eating and the frequency and duration of episodes necessary for the diagnosis. The article also presents the suggested criteria for BED diagnosis and comments on its difficult distinction from non-purging BN . The issues here discussed shall improve the nosology in the field