THE AGEING WORKFORCE IN IRELAND: WORKING CONDITIONS, HEALTH AND EXTENDING WORKING LIVES. ESRI RESEARCH SERIES NUMBER 92 OCTOBER 2019

Extending working lives is a central element of active ageing policy in Ireland and Europe, and is seen as promoting active lifestyles and sustaining social protection systems in the context of an ageing population. However, efforts to extend working life must consider the reasons why workers leave employment early. Simply raising the minimum retirement age will not build sustainable jobs. A central element of this picture is the health and working conditions faced by older workers. This project explores the retention of older workers in Ireland, drawing on several sources of data to describe their experience in the Irish labour market. While there is no official age threshold to classify a worker as an older worker, the literature on ageing workforce often focuses on workers aged 55 and over.1 In Ireland, according to the 2018 Labour Force Survey, there are currently 396,060 workers in this age category, accounting for 18 per cent of the employed population. We set out to explore the following questions: • How do the working conditions and the health of older workers compare to those of younger workers? • What types of jobs and working conditions are associated with perceived ability to work longer? • Which sectors and occupations are best able to retain older workers? • Among those who exit early (aged 55–59 years), what are their reasons for leaving work? • Are older workers more vulnerable to fatal injury in the workforce? Are they embedded in sectors prone to injury

The Principles of Mathematics

Published in 1903, this book was the first comprehensive treatise on the logical foundations of mathematics written in English. It sets forth, as far as possible without mathematical and logical symbolism, the grounds in favour of the view that mathematics and logic are identical. It proposes simply that what is commonly called mathematics are merely later deductions from logical premises. It provided the thesis for which _Principia Mathematica_ provided the detailed proof, and introduced the work of Frege to a wider audience. In addition to the new introduction by John Slater, this edition contains Russell's introduction to the 1937 edition in which he defends his position against his formalist and intuitionist critic

Discrimination and Inequality in Housing in Ireland. ESRI Research Series, June 2018

Access to housing is a fundamental human right protected under international conventions such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the European Social Charter. Adequate housing is also necessary for the achievement of other basic rights such as health and family life and is central to quality of life of adults and children. In Ireland, discrimination in the provision of housing is prohibited under the Equal Status Acts (2000- 2015). Starting from these legislative protections, in this study we consider whether certain groups in Ireland experience higher levels of discrimination in access to housing and whether they experience unequal housing outcomes. Membership of these groups is linked to other relevant characteristics, most importantly socio-economic background. Therefore, this study investigates whether equality groups experience disadvantages in housing outcomes that cannot be fully explained by their socio-economic resources. The study of housing discrimination and outcomes has become even more pressing in recent years because of the marked undersupply of housing in Ireland and problems of affordability

Economic Vulnerability and Severity of Debt Problems: An Analysis of the Irish EU-SILC 2008

In this paper, using Ireland, where debt issues are of particular salience as a test case, we seek to understand the extent to which the measures currently employed as national indicators of poverty and social exclusion succeed in capturing over-indebtedness and, more broadly, severity of debt problems. Our analysis reveals a clear gradient with predictive ability increasing sharply as one moves from ‘at risk of poverty’ to consistent poverty and finally economic vulnerability indicators. In relation to debt problems, the key distinction is between the just under one in five households defined as economically vulnerable and all others. Financial exclusion, relating to access to a bank account and a credit card, was found to increase debt levels. However, such effects were modest. The impact of economic vulnerability seems to be largely a consequence of its relationship to a wide range of socio-economic attributes and circumstances. The manner in which a potential debt crisis unfolds will be shaped by the broader socio-economic structuring of life-chances. Any attempt to respond to such problems by concentrating on household behaviour or, indeed, triggering factors without taking the wider social structuring of economic vulnerability is likely to be both seriously misguided and largely ineffective.

MONITORING POVERTY TRENDS IN IRELAND 2004-2007: Key Issues for Children, People of Working Age and Older People. RESEARCH SERIES NUMBER 17 AUGUST 2010

This report monitors the evolution of poverty in Ireland from 2004 to 2007. This period marks the end of the first ten year National Anti‐Poverty Strategy (NAPS) in Ireland which ran from 1997 to 2007, and marks the beginning of the National Action Plan for Social Inclusion 2007 to 2016. The results therefore provide an important benchmark for the new programme as well as providing an insight into the changes in the level and distribution of poverty that occurred during the final stages of the NAPS

The dynamics of child poverty in Ireland: Evidence from the Growing Up in Ireland survey. ESRI Research Series 121 May 2021.

In Ireland, as in many other European countries, children are more likely to experience income poverty and material deprivation compared to other age groups of the population. Some families experience poverty as a transitory state, while others remain trapped in poverty for protracted periods (for example, Bane and Ellwood, 1986; Jenkins and Rigg, 2001). This is an important policy issue, as international research has shown that persistent poverty has negative effects short- and long-term) on children’s physical, social, emotional and psychological wellbeing and life chances (Duncan et al., 1998, 2018). The Growing up in Ireland(GUI) survey provides a unique opportunity to study children and young people’s experience of poverty in Ireland from infancy to early adulthood (age 17). We adopt a multidimensional measure of poverty, which encompasses not just income but also material deprivation and economic strain. This study sets out to profile the long-term exposure to poverty during childhood, identify the families most at risk of persistent poverty, examine the factors that trigger moves into and out of poverty, and explore the consequences of poverty for children across a wide range of domains. The study draws on all available waves of the GUI data for two cohorts: the ‘08 cohort, which covers the period from 9 months to 9 years, and the ‘98 cohort, which covers the period from 9 years to 17–18 years.1 Our analysis is based on 6,039 families that participated in all three waves of the ‘98 cohort and 7,507 families that completed all four waves of the ‘08 cohort. The interviews took place between 2007 and 2017, a period of immense economic turmoil in Ireland. A key policy debate has centred on whether it is better to target supports and interventions towards younger rather than older children. The design of the GUI study allows us to consider whether the patterns we observe differ for younger and older children