Computational prediction of L_{3} EXAFS spectra of gold nanoparticles from classical molecular dynamics simulations

We present a computational approach for the simulation of extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra of nanoparticles directly from molecular dynamics simulations without fitting any of the structural parameters of the nanoparticle to experimental data. The calculation consists of two stages. First, a molecular dynamics simulation of the nanoparticle is performed and then the EXAFS spectrum is computed from “snapshots” of structures extracted from the simulation. A probability distribution function approach calculated directly from the molecular dynamics simulations is used to ensure a balanced sampling of photoabsorbing atoms and their surrounding scattering atoms while keeping the number of EXAFS calculations that need to be performed to a manageable level. The average spectrum from all configurations and photoabsorbing atoms is computed as an Au L3-edge EXAFS spectrum with the FEFF 8.4 package, which includes the self-consistent calculation of atomic potentials. We validate and apply this approach in simulations of EXAFS spectra of gold nanoparticles with sizes between 20 and 60 Å. We investigate the effect of size, structural anisotropy, and thermal motion on the gold nanoparticle EXAFS spectra and we find that our simulations closely reproduce the experimentally determined spectra

Comparison of the spinels Co3O4 and NiCo2O4 as bifunctional oxygen catalysts in alkaline media

Data from experiments with both rotating disc electrodes (RDEs) and gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) are used to investigate the properties of the spinels, Co3O4 and NiCo2O4, as bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts. Emphasis is placed on catalyst compositions and electrode structures free of carbon. Oxygen evolution and reduction occur at surfaces where the transition metals are in different oxidation states but the surface can be repeatedly cycled between these two states without significant change. It is shown that carbon-free, NiCo2O4 catalysed GDEs can be fabricated using structures based on stainless steel cloth or nickel foam. Those based on nickel foam can be cycled extensively and allow both O2 evolution and reduction at current densities up to 100 mA cm?2

A novel bifunctional oxygen GDE for alkaline secondary batteries

AbstractThis paper describes a novel procedure for the fabrication of a gas diffusion electrode (GDE) suitable for use as a bifunctional oxygen electrode in alkaline secondary batteries. The electrode is fabricated by pre-forming a PTFE-bonded nickel powder layer on a nickel foam substrate followed by deposition of NiCo2O4 spinel electrocatalyst by dip coating in a nitrate solution and thermal decomposition. The carbon-free composition avoids concerns over carbon corrosion at the potentials for oxygen evolution. The electrode shows acceptable overpotentials for both oxygen evolution and oxygen reduction at current densities up to 100mAcm−2. Stable performance during >100 successive, 1h oxygen reduction/evolution cycles at a current density of 20mAcm−2 in 8M NaOH at 333K was achieved

A novel bifunctional oxygen GDE for alkaline secondary batteries

This paper describes a novel procedure for the fabrication of a gas diffusion electrode (GDE) suitable for use as a bifunctional oxygen electrode in alkaline secondary batteries. The electrode is fabricated by pre-forming a PTFE-bonded nickel powder layer on a nickel foam substrate followed by deposition of NiCo2O4 spinel electrocatalyst by dip coating in a nitrate solution and thermal decomposition. The carbon-free composition avoids concerns over carbon corrosion at the potentials for oxygen evolution. The electrode shows acceptable overpotentials for both oxygen evolution and oxygen reduction at current densities up to 100 mA cm−2. Stable performance during >100 successive, 1 h oxygen reduction/evolution cycles at a current density of 20 mA cm−2 in 8 M NaOH at 333 K was achieved.European Commissio

Turvatuotteiden käyttö Oulun yliopistollisen sairaalan anestesia- ja teho-osastoilla

Väisänen, Anu. Turvatuotteiden käyttö Oulun yliopistollisen sairaalan anestesia- ja teho-osastoilla. Syksy 2016. 24 sivua, 2 liitettä. Diakonia-ammattikorkeakoulu, Hoitotyön koulutusohjelma, Hoitotyön suuntautumisvaihtoehto, Sairaanhoitaja (AMK). Opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena oli kuvata Oulun yliopistollisen sairaalan operatiivisen tulosyksikön henkilökunnan kokemuksia turvatuotteiden käytöstä sekä pisto- ja viiltotapaturmista. Opinnäytetyö toteutettiin kyselytutkimuksena. Aineisto käsiteltiin määrällisin menetelmin. Opinnäytetyö tehtiin yhteistyössä Oulun yliopistollisen sairaalan operatiivisen tulosalueen kanssa. Tulosten mukaan käyttökokemukset olivat melko hyviä. Moni valitsi turvatuotteen tapaturmalta suojautuakseen. Opinnäytetyön tavoitteena on kehittää hoitotyön turvallisuutta. Jatkossa kannattaa kartoittaa kokemuksia erilaisten turvatuotteiden käytöstä.Väisänen, Anu. Safety products in Oulu University Hospital's anaesthesia and intensive care units. Language: Finnish. Autumn 2016, 24 pages, 2 appendices. Diaconia University of Applied Sciences. Degree Programme in Nursing, Option in Nursing. Degree: Registered Nurse. The purpose of the present thesis was to describe personnel’s experiences of sharp-object injuries and using safety equipment in the operative unit of Oulu University Hospital, Finland. The thesis was conducted as a questionnaire survey. The answers were processed through quantitative methods. This thesis was made in co-operation with the operative unit of Oulu University Hospital. According to the survey, experiences in using safety products were rather positive. The main reason for selecting a safety product was to protect oneself against sharp injuries. The aim of the thesis was to develop nursing safety. In the future it could be good to map out experiences in using various security products

Joint Inference in Weakly-Annotated Image Datasets via Dense Correspondence

We present a principled framework for inferring pixel labels in weakly-annotated image datasets. Most previous, example-based approaches to computer vision rely on a large corpus of densely labeled images. However, for large, modern image datasets, such labels are expensive to obtain and are often unavailable. We establish a large-scale graphical model spanning all labeled and unlabeled images, then solve it to infer pixel labels jointly for all images in the dataset while enforcing consistent annotations over similar visual patterns. This model requires significantly less labeled data and assists in resolving ambiguities by propagating inferred annotations from images with stronger local visual evidences to images with weaker local evidences. We apply our proposed framework to two computer vision problems, namely image annotation with semantic segmentation, and object discovery and co-segmentation (segmenting multiple images containing a common object). Extensive numerical evaluations and comparisons show that our method consistently outperforms the state-of-the-art in automatic annotation and semantic labeling, while requiring significantly less labeled data. In contrast to previous co-segmentation techniques, our method manages to discover and segment objects well even in the presence of substantial amounts of noise images (images not containing the common object), as typical for datasets collected from Internet search

Emerging role of insulin with incretin therapies for management of type 2 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a progressive disease warranting intensification of treatment, as beta-cell function declines over time. Current treatment algorithms recommend metformin as the first-line agent, while advocating the addition of either basal-bolus or premixed insulin as the final level of intervention. Incretin therapy, including incretin mimetics or enhancers, are the latest group of drugs available for treatment of T2DM. These agents act through the incretin axis, are currently recommended as add-on agents either as second-or third-line treatment, without concurrent use of insulin. Given the novel role of incretin therapy in terms of reducing postprandial hyperglycemia, and favorable effects on weight with reduced incidence of hypoglycemia, we explore alternative options for incretin therapy in T2DM management. Furthermore, as some evidence alludes to incretins potentially increasing betacell mass and altering disease progression, we propose introducing these agents earlier in the treatment algorithm. In addition, we suggest the concurrent use of incretins with insulin, given the favorable effects especially in relation to weight gain