2,427 research outputs found
Advanced Heart Failure: A Call to Action
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/73182/1/j.1751-7133.2008.00022.x.pd
Abundance and local - scale processes contribute to multi-phyla gradients in global marine diversity
Among themost enduring ecological challenges is an integrated theory explaining the latitudinal biodiversity gradient, including discrepancies observed at different spatial scales. Analysis of Reef Life Survey data for 4127 marine species at 2406 coral and rocky sites worldwide confirms that the total ecoregion richness peaks in low latitudes, near +15°N and −15°S. However, although richness at survey sites ismaximal near the equator for vertebrates, it peaks at high latitudes
for large mobile invertebrates. Site richness for different groups is dependent on abundance, which is in turn correlated
with temperature for fishes and nutrients for macroinvertebrates. We suggest that temperature-mediated fish predation and herbivory have on strained mobile macroinvertebrate diversity at the site scale across the tropics. Conversely, at the ecoregion scale, richness responds positively to coral reef area, highlighting potentially huge global biodiversity losses with coral decline. Improved conservation outcomes require management frameworks, informed by hierarchical monitoring, that cover differing site- and regional-scale processes across diverse taxa, including attention to invertebrate species, which appear disproportionately threatened by warming seas
Broad distribution of stick-slip events in Slowly Sheared Granular Media: Table-top production of a Gutenberg-Richter-like distribution
We monitor the stick-slip displacements of a very slowly driven moveable
perforated top plate which interacts via shearing with a packing of identical
glass beads confined in a tray. When driven at a constant stress rate, the
distributions of large event displacements and energies triggered by the
stick-slip instabilities exhibit power law responses reminiscent of the
Gutenberg-Richter law for earthquakes. Small events are quasi-size independent,
signaling crossover from single-bead transport to collective behavior.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure
A Survey of Computational Tools in Solar Physics
The SunPy Project developed a 13-question survey to understand the software
and hardware usage of the solar physics community. 364 members of the solar
physics community, across 35 countries, responded to our survey. We found that
990.5% of respondents use software in their research and 66% use the
Python scientific software stack. Students are twice as likely as faculty,
staff scientists, and researchers to use Python rather than Interactive Data
Language (IDL). In this respect, the astrophysics and solar physics communities
differ widely: 78% of solar physics faculty, staff scientists, and researchers
in our sample uses IDL, compared with 44% of astrophysics faculty and
scientists sampled by Momcheva and Tollerud (2015). 634% of respondents
have not taken any computer-science courses at an undergraduate or graduate
level. We also found that most respondents utilize consumer hardware to run
software for solar-physics research. Although 82% of respondents work with data
from space-based or ground-based missions, some of which (e.g. the Solar
Dynamics Observatory and Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope) produce terabytes of
data a day, 14% use a regional or national cluster, 5% use a commercial cloud
provider, and 29% use exclusively a laptop or desktop. Finally, we found that
734% of respondents cite scientific software in their research, although
only 423% do so routinely
Utilising abattoir sero-surveillance for high-impact and zoonotic pig diseases in Lao PDR
National disease surveillance systems are essential to a healthy pig industry but can be costly and logistically complex. In 2019, Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) piloted an abattoir disease surveillance system to assess for the presence of high impact pig diseases (HIPDs) using serological methods. The Lao Department of Livestock and Fisheries (DLF) identified Classical Swine Fever (CSF), Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome (PRRS) and Brucella suis as HIPDs of interest for sero-surveillance purposes. Porcine serum samples (n = 597) were collected from six Lao abattoirs in March to December of 2019. Serological enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods were chosen for their high-throughput and relatively low-costs. The true seroprevalence for CSF and PRRS seropositivity were 68.7%, 95% CI (64.8-72.3) and 39.5%, 95% CI (35.7-43.5), respectively. The results demonstrated no evidence of Brucella spp. seroconversion. Lao breed pigs were less likely to be CSF seropositive (P < 0.05), whilst pigs slaughtered at <1 year of age were less likely to be PRRS seropositive (P < 0.01). The testing methods could not differentiate between seropositivity gained from vaccine or natural infection, and investigators were unable to obtain the vaccine status of the slaughtered pigs from the abattoirs. These results demonstrate that adequate sample sizes are possible from abattoir sero-surveillance and lifetime health traceability is necessary to understand HIPDs in Lao PDR
Adversarial Policies Beat Superhuman Go AIs
We attack the state-of-the-art Go-playing AI system KataGo by training
adversarial policies against it, achieving a >97% win rate against KataGo
running at superhuman settings. Our adversaries do not win by playing Go well.
Instead, they trick KataGo into making serious blunders. Our attack transfers
zero-shot to other superhuman Go-playing AIs, and is comprehensible to the
extent that human experts can implement it without algorithmic assistance to
consistently beat superhuman AIs. The core vulnerability uncovered by our
attack persists even in KataGo agents adversarially trained to defend against
our attack. Our results demonstrate that even superhuman AI systems may harbor
surprising failure modes. Example games are available https://goattack.far.ai/.Comment: Accepted to ICML 2023, see paper for changelo
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