Parceria ambiental: o dever fundamental de proteção ambiental como pressuposto para concretização do estado de direito ambiental

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Jurídicas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito.O presente trabalho visa a refletir sobre as possibilidades de concretização de um Estado de Direito Ambiental, trazendo como pressupostos básicos de tal Estado o dever fundamental de preservação do meio ambiente e, por meio deste, a necessidade de uma parceria entre o Poder Público e a coletividade. A pesquisa mostra que somente com a Parceria Ambiental se conseguirá efetivar este Estado do Ambiente. Acredita-se, no entanto, que esta consciência de dever com o meio, bem como o trabalho conjunto do Estado e da coletividade, deverá acontecer rapidamente; caso contrário, a catástrofe será inevitável, devido ao modelo insustentável da vida humana. Para isso, dividiu-se a dissertação em três partes. Na primeira parte, trabalha-se a crise ambiental e a evolução do Estado, passando pelo Estado Liberal, Social e Democrático de Direito, fazendo uma reflexão do conceito e das características de um Estado de Direito Ambiental. Na segunda parte, trabalha-se o dever fundamental de proteção ambiental, demonstrando que, com o advento do Estado de Direito, o ser humano deixou de viver com deveres e passou a reivindicar apenas direitos. Este fato reflete a dificuldade do homem aceitar os seus deveres, disciplinados, inclusive, na Constituição Federal Brasileira e em Leis infraconstitucionais. Na última parte, tenta-se analisar alguns trabalhos que já vêm sendo feitos em parceria, assim como algumas leis que já prevêem a participação da sociedade civil nas tomadas de decisão, fazendo o leitor refletir sobre a possibilidade de um novo modelo de Estado e de Sociedade

KINEMATICAL ANALYSIS OF THE SWIMMING START: BLOCK, FLIGHT AND UNDERWATER PHASES

The purpose of this study was to analyze, through kinemetry, the block, flight and underwater phases of the swimming start. The sample was composed by 4 swimmers. Four VHS video cameras were used. Analyzed variables: block time, flight time and distance, angle of entry, maximum depth achieved, time, distance and average velocity of the underwater phase and total start time in 15 meters. Pearson’s correlation was used to verify the relationship between the variables.Flight distance, angle of entry, depth achieved and average velocity under teh water presented significant correlation with the starting time (r = -0.482, 0.512, 0.515 and -0.645, respectively), being all important factors to be observed by athletes and coaches, who should look forward to reach best values of the variables in order to improve the execution of swimming starts

DESENVOLVIMENTO E MEIO AMBIENTE: QUE RUMO O DIREITO DEVE SEGUIR?

O presente artigo visa a refletir sobre a possibilidade de conciliação entre os interesses econômicos de desenvolvimento e os interesses ambientais. Para tal, primeiramente, discutiremos a crise paradigmática atual, para depois traçar um panorama entre a relação de desenvolvimento e meio ambiente. O papel do direito será debatido em um último momento, onde tentaremos abordar os fatos que dificultam a aplicação do Direito Estatal e sua aplicação que, muitas vezes, acabam sendo fontes de injustiças. O método complexo, será utilizado para o desenvolvimento do trabalho, ou seja, o pensamento será desenvolvido utilizando-se a metodologia de Edgar Morin. Sugerimos, nas considerações finais, que devemos passar o nosso eixo de análise jurídico para o planeta terra, não utilizando a terminologia “globalização”, mas trabalharmos em um processo de construção planetária de um novo viver

LOAD DURING THE VERTICAL JUMP IN WATER: VALUES FOR PRESCRIPTION IN HYDROTHERAPY

This study aimed to analyse the vertical component of the ground reaction force (GRF) in the vertical jump in water performed by men and women at two levels of immersion. 11 men and 11 women performed three vertical jumps on a water-proof force plate at hip and chest levels of immersion. No effect of gender was observed. No difference between levels of immersion was found for peak of propulsion [1.85 and 1.89 units of body weight (BW) at the hip and chest respectively]. During the landing phase, the force peak was significantly higher at the hip level (2.62 BW) than at the chest level (2.07 BW). The force during the propulsion phase was similar between the immersions; however the vertical load on landing needs to be considered when prescribing this exercise, even in water

Análise da produção científica sobre o caratê em língua portuguesa

The aim of this study was to analyze the scientific production on Karate in Portuguese language published in journals indexed in SciELO and BIREME, through a bibliometric analysis. Searches were carried out in SciELO and BVS-Bireme databases, associated with a manual search in Google Scholar, using the following keywords: “Karatê”, “Caratê”, “Artes Marciais”, “Karateca” and “Carateca”. Full articles published in Portuguese language in peer-reviewed journals were included in this study. Three categories were selected for the bibliometric analysis: journals, authors and themes. The search resulted in 318 records, of which 25 were included in this review and were published between 1984 and 2017 in journals classified in different strata of Qualis Capes, ranging from C to A2. In relation to the authors, the largest concentration of research groups that publish on Karate is found in the South and Southeast regions of Brazil. Regarding the themes, there is a predominance of those related to biomechanics (analysis of reaction time and movement speed during execution of kicks and punches, and manual grip strength) and exercise physiology (analysis of blood lactate and heart rate, energy expenditure, sweating rate and subjective perception of exertion during training and/or competition sessions). The scientific production about Karate in portuguese language allowed us to concluded that there is a predominance of studies in the biomechanical and exercises research areas, which included adults of different technical levels, mainly men advanced level

A DYNAMOMETRIC METHOD FOR THE EVALUATION OF HIKING IN LASER BOATS

This study aimed to develop a dynamometric method for the evaluation of hiking in Laser boats. The boat’s and sailor’s centres of mass, the hiking distance and the hiking moment were calculated from the ground reaction force, acquired by two force plates located under the boat hoof. Three sailors performed different hiking positions varying their hip and knee angles. Pearson’s coefficient was used to verify the correlation between the measures obtained through the dynamometric method and a kinematic method. A very high correlation was observed between the methods (r=0.99) and the mean error was approximately 1% for both hiking distance and moment. Thus, the new method seems to be valid and efficient since it measured the variables in a fast and precise way, facilitating the analysis and assisting sailors and coaches on decision taking

RELATIVE ERROR ANALYSIS DURING REPRODUCTION OF ISOMETRIC FORCE OF KNEE EXTENSORS IN YOUNG ADULTS

This study compared the force reproduction of isometric knee extension at 60°, between the target forces at 30%, 50% and 70% of the maximum voluntary isometric force (MVIF) in young adults. Twenty young males took part in the study. The trials were performed on an instrumented chair developed for the study. Feedback was given to the participants during three trials prior the beginning of data collection in each analyzed target force. Participants performed 10 trials without any feedback for the target force at 30% and 50% of the MVIF and 3 trials for the target force at 70% of MVIF. The relative error decreased as the target force increased. The differences were significant between 30% and 70% (p=0.01) and between 50% and 70% (p=0.03). The reproduction of higher forces during isometric extension of the knee will produce lower relative errors for this specific task

COMPARISON OF GROUND REACTION FORCES BETWEEN IN-PLACE AND FORWARD WATER RUNNING AT TWO LEVELS OF IMMERSION

This study compared GRF of in-place and forward water running at two levels of immersion. Twenty healthy subjects executed both exercises at a self selected speed at hip and chest immersion. Variables analyzed were: vertical peak (Fy), anterior peak (Fx anterior) and posterior peak (Fx posterior). Two-factor repeated measures ANOVA was used with

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TEMPORAL PARAMETERS OF DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES OF THE FREESTYLE FLIP TURN

This study aimed to describe and compare temporal parameters of four different turning techniques of Freestyle swimming flip turn. 17 national level swimmers participated in this study. After practicing sessions, the swimmers performed three times each of the four analyzed techniques. Performance was videotaped using six video cameras and the analyzed variables were: rolling time, wall contact time, pushing time, gliding time and total turn time. No differences were found between the techniques for any variable. Apparently, the choice of the technique can be made accordingly to the swimmer’s subjective preference, or based on the objective performance differences casuistically sustained. However, future studies are needed and additional performance indicators should be analyzed to provide a better understating regarding the different technique