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Twin-tube conduction radionuclide calorimeter
The complete calorimeter system used to measure powers from 0.1 W to 2 W of samples 1.5 in. in diameter by 5 in. in length is described. Calorimeter readout is by digital voltmeter. A sensitivity of 1501 mV/W at 1.327 W with on accuracy of 99.9% was obtained. Sample equilibrium time is 4 h. The twin-tube temperature measurement system compensates for thermostat temperature fiuctuations. Thermistors measure the temperature gradient produced by heat flow through a 5-in. length of 1.75-in.-o.d., 0.035-in.-wall brass tube. The thermistors are supplied with a constant operating current by current regulator diodes to simplify and improve operation. sn integral calibration heater surrounds the sample chamber. Reliability is enhanced by all-solid-state design. (auth
Quantum teleportation and entanglement swapping with linear optics logic gates
We report on the usage of a linear optics phase gate for distinguishing all
four Bell states simultaneously in a quantum teleportation and entanglement
swapping protocol. This is demonstrated by full state tomography of the one and
two qubit output states of the two protocols, yielding average state fidelities
of about 0.83 and 0.77, respectively. In addition, the performance of the
teleportation channel is characterised by quantum process tomography. The non
classical properties of the entanglement swapping output states are further
confirmed by the violation of a CHSH-type Bell inequality of 2.14 on average.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figure
The weakly coupled fractional one-dimensional Schr\"{o}dinger operator with index
We study fundamental properties of the fractional, one-dimensional Weyl
operator densely defined on the Hilbert space
and determine the asymptotic behaviour of
both the free Green's function and its variation with respect to energy for
bound states. In the sequel we specify the Birman-Schwinger representation for
the Schr\"{o}dinger operator
and extract the finite-rank portion which is essential for the asymptotic
expansion of the ground state. Finally, we determine necessary and sufficient
conditions for there to be a bound state for small coupling constant .Comment: 16 pages, 1 figur
The search for the primary tumor in metastasized gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm.
Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) often present as liver metastasis from a carcinoma of unknown primary. We recently showed that primary NETs from the pancreas, small intestine and stomach as well as their respective liver metastases differ from each other by the expression profile of the three genes CD302, PPWD1 and ABHB14B. The gene and protein expression of CD302, PPWD1, and ABHB14B was studied in abdominal NET metastases to identify the site of the respective primary tumors. Cryopreserved tissue from NET metastases collected in different institutions (group A: 29, group B: 50, group C: 132 specimens) were examined by comparative genomic hybridization (Agilent 105 K), gene expression analysis (Agilent 44 K) (groups A and B) and immunohistochemistry (group C). The data were blindly evaluated, i.e. without knowing the site of the primary. Gene expression analysis correctly revealed the primary in the ileum in 94 % of the cases of group A and in 58 % of group B. A pancreatic primary was predicted in 83 % (group A) and 20 % (group B), respectively. The combined sensitivity of group A and B was 75 % for ileal NETs and 38 % for pancreatic NETs. Immunohistochemical analysis of group C revealed an overall sensitivity of 80 %. Gene and protein expression analysis of CD302 and PPWD1 in NET metastases correctly identifies the primary in the pancreas or the ileum in 80 % of the cases, provided that the tissue is well preserved. Immunohistochemical profiling revealed CD302 as the best marker for ileal and PPWD1 for pancreatic detection
Effects of chain length of surfactants on the interfacial tension: Molecular dynamics simulations and experiments
Cosmological Limits on the Neutrino Mass from the Lya Forest
The Lya forest in quasar spectra probes scales where massive neutrinos can
strongly suppress the growth of mass fluctuations. Using hydrodynamic
simulations with massive neutrinos, we successfully test techniques developed
to measure the mass power spectrum from the forest. A recent observational
measurement in conjunction with a conservative implementation of other
cosmological constraints places upper limits on the neutrino mass: m_nu < 5.5
eV for all values of Omega_m, and m_nu < 2.4 (Omega_m/0.17 -1) eV, if 0.2 <
Omega_m <0.5 as currently observationally favored (both 95 % C.L.).Comment: 4 pages, 2 ps figures, REVTex, submitted to Phys. Rev. Let
Two-Week versus Six-Month Sampling Interval in a Short-Term Natural History Study of Oral HPV Infection in an HIV-Positive Cohort
BACKGROUND: Oral HPV infections detected six-months apart were compared to those detected bi-weekly, in an HIV-positive cohort, during the intervening months to elucidate systematic biases introduced into natural history studies by sampling interval. METHODS: Fourteen consecutive oral rinse samples were collected every two weeks for six months from an HIV-positive cohort (n = 112) and evaluated for the presence of 37 HPV types. The cumulative probability of type-specific HPV detection at visits 1 through 14 was determined as a function of infection categorized at visits 1 and 14 as persistent, newly detected, cleared or absent. Transition models were used to evaluate the effect of HPV viral load (measured by RT-PCR for HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 35) on infection persistence. RESULTS: The average point prevalence of oral HPV infection was similar at two-week and six-month sampling intervals (45% vs. 47%, p = 0.52), but cumulative prevalence was higher with the former (82% vs. 53%, p<0.001) as was the cumulative prevalence of type-specific infections (9.3% vs 3.8%, p<0.0001). Type-specific infections persistent under a six-month sampling interval had a high probability (0.93, 95%CI 0.83-0.98) of detection at 50% or more of the intervening visits and infections that were absent had a high probability (0.94, 95% CI 0.93-0.95) of no interval detection. The odds of detection at any visit significantly increased for each unit increase in HPV viral load at the previous visit. CONCLUSIONS: Six-month sampling is appropriate to model factors associated with type-specific oral HPV infection persistence but may misclassify HPV-exposed individuals as unexposed
The Space Density of Galaxy Peaks and the Linear Matter Power Spectrum
One way of recovering information about the initial conditions of the
Universe is by measuring features of the cosmological density field which are
preserved during gravitational evolution and galaxy formation. In this paper we
study the total number density of peaks in a (galaxy) point distribution
smoothed with a filter, evaluating its usefulness as a means of inferring the
shape of the initial (matter) power spectrum. We find that in numerical
simulations which start from Gaussian initial conditions, the peak density
follows well that predicted by the theory of Gaussian density fields, even on
scales where the clustering is mildly non-linear. For smaller filter scales, r
\simlt 4-6 \hmpc, we see evidence of merging as the peak density decreases
with time. On larger scales, the peak density is independent of time. One might
also expect it to be fairly robust with respect to variations in biasing, i.e.
the way galaxies trace mass fluctuations. We find that this is the case when we
apply various biasing prescriptions to the matter distribution in simulations.
If the initial conditions are Gaussian, it is possible to use the peak density
measured from the evolved field to reconstruct the shape of the initial power
spectrum. We describe a stable method for doing this and apply it to several
biased and unbiased non-linear simulations. We are able to recover the slope of
the linear matter power spectrum on scales k \simlt 0.4 \hmpc^{-1}. The
reconstruction has the advantage of being independent of the cosmological
parameters (, , ) and of the clustering normalisation
(). The peak density and reconstructed power spectrum slope therefore
promise to be powerful discriminators between popular cosmological scenarios.Comment: ApJ submitted, 20 pages, Latex (aaspp4), 13 figures. Also available
at http://www-astronomy.mps.ohio-state.edu/~racc
Revealing the community within: valuing the role of local community structures within evidence-based school intervention programmes
Schools and the families they serve are sometimes perceived as deficient and in need of fixing. One response has been the implementation of evidence-based family intervention programmes, which may be highly regulated and prescriptive as a condition of their (often philanthropic) funding. This article seeks to explore and bring to the foreground the often hidden role of the pre-existing, informal community networks with a view to more authentic evaluation of these externally imposed programmes. The article draws on a range of qualitative data reflecting the lived experiences of participants—including parents and other community members—in a family and parenting programme at an English primary school. The analysis uses the work of Tönnies as a theoretical lens. It suggests that while there are tensions caused by the rigid requirements of external programmes, these are overcome in many cases by the highly effective, but often unacknowledged, contributions of the informal aspects of community. It is argued that these operate within and complement the formal programme. Far from subverting the more overt procedures, they actually enable it to function successfully, leading to additional, unanticipated transformations among participants. The article concludes that these organic, often invisible connections need to be identified, documented and nurtured if their full potential is to be recognised and realised when evaluating similar interventions
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