Onset of collective and cohesive motion

We study the onset of collective motion, with and without cohesion, of groups of noisy self-propelled particles interacting locally. We find that this phase transition, in two space dimensions, is always discontinuous, including for the minimal model of Vicsek et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 75},1226 (1995)] for which a non-trivial critical point was previously advocated. We also show that cohesion is always lost near onset, as a result of the interplay of density, velocity, and shape fluctuations.Comment: accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Let

Sequences at the 5′-terminus of bacteriophage Qβ RNA

Two beginning sequences, pppGpGpGpGpApApCp … and pppGpGpGpGpGpApApCp …, have been identified in the RNA of bacteriophage Qβ. Both were consistently found in nearly equal amount