14 research outputs found
Toward Building a Physical Proxy for Gas-Phase Sulfuric Acid Concentration Based on Its Budget Analysis in Polluted Yangtze River Delta, East China
Gaseous sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is a crucial precursor for secondary aerosol formation, particularly for new particle formation (NPF) that plays an essential role in the global number budget of aerosol particles and cloud condensation nuclei. Due to technology challenges, global-wide and long-term measurements of gaseous H2SO4 are currently very challenging. Empirical proxies for H2SO4 have been derived mainly based on short-term intensive campaigns. In this work, we performed comprehensive measurements of H2SO4 and related parameters in the polluted Yangtze River Delta in East China during four seasons and developed a physical proxy based on the budget analysis of gaseous H2SO4. Besides the photo-oxidation of SO2, we found that primary emissions can contribute considerably, particularly at night. Dry deposition has the potential to be a non-negligible sink, in addition to condensation onto particle surfaces. Compared with the empirical proxies, the newly developed physical proxy demonstrates extraordinary stability in all the seasons and has the potential to be widely used to improve the understanding of global NPF fundamentally.Peer reviewe
Synergistic Effect of Ni and Cu on the Microstructure, Corrosion Properties and Mechanical Properties of As-Cast Biomedical Co-Based Alloy
The microstructure, phase component, corrosion resistance, microhardness, and mechanical property of the as-cast CoCrW-(0~5)Ni-(1~4)Cu alloys were investigated to reveal the synergistic effect of Ni and Cu by using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis, microhardness tests, and compression tests. The alloys exhibited coarse grains consisting of dendritic substructures. No precipitate was observed in the alloys, but dendritic segregation of Cu in the interdendritic regions and grain boundaries was observed. The phase component of all alloys consists of γ phase and ε phase; the ε phase fraction decreased with increasing Ni or Cu content. The corrosion resistance of these alloys decreased with increasing Cu content when the Cu content was greater than 1 wt.%. The addition of Cu or Ni reduced the hardness significantly. The compressive yield strength showed an increasing tendency with increasing Cu content, but the influence of Ni content on compressive yield strength was limited. The results demonstrated that it should be feasible to fabricate a new biomedical CoCrWNiCu alloy by regulating Ni and Cu content, which should be a new development direction of Co-based alloy
Synergistic Effect of Ni and Cu on the Microstructure, Corrosion Properties and Mechanical Properties of As-Cast Biomedical Co-Based Alloy
The microstructure, phase component, corrosion resistance, microhardness, and mechanical property of the as-cast CoCrW-(0~5)Ni-(1~4)Cu alloys were investigated to reveal the synergistic effect of Ni and Cu by using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis, microhardness tests, and compression tests. The alloys exhibited coarse grains consisting of dendritic substructures. No precipitate was observed in the alloys, but dendritic segregation of Cu in the interdendritic regions and grain boundaries was observed. The phase component of all alloys consists of γ phase and ε phase; the ε phase fraction decreased with increasing Ni or Cu content. The corrosion resistance of these alloys decreased with increasing Cu content when the Cu content was greater than 1 wt.%. The addition of Cu or Ni reduced the hardness significantly. The compressive yield strength showed an increasing tendency with increasing Cu content, but the influence of Ni content on compressive yield strength was limited. The results demonstrated that it should be feasible to fabricate a new biomedical CoCrWNiCu alloy by regulating Ni and Cu content, which should be a new development direction of Co-based alloy
Efficient Single-Phase Tunable Dual-Color Luminescence with High Quantum Yield Greater than 100% for Information Encryption and LED Applications
In
modern society, the investigation of highly efficient photoluminescent
bulk materials with excitation-induced tunable multicolor luminescence
and multiexciton generation (MEG) is of great significance to information
security and the application of optoelectronic devices. In this study,
two bulk Cu-based halide crystals of (C4H10NO)4Cu2Br5·Br and (C4H10NO)4Cu2I5·I·H2O, respectively, with one-dimensional structures were grown
by a solvent evaporation method. Unexpectedly, (C4H10NO)4Cu2I5·I·H2O displayed excitation-induced tunable dual-color luminescence;
one band is a brilliant green-yellow emission centered at 547 nm with
a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of up to 169.67%, and
the other is a red emission at 695 nm with a PLQY of 75.76%. Just
as importantly, (C4H10NO)4Cu2Br5·Br exhibits a strong broadband green-yellow
emission at 561 nm under broad band excitation ranging from 252 to
350 nm, a long PL decay lifetime of 106.9 μs, and an ultrahigh
PLQY of 198.22%. These materials represent the first two examples
of 1D bulk crystals and Cu(I)-based halides that have a PLQY exceeding
100%. Combining the unusual luminescence characteristics with theoretical
calculations reveals that MEG contributes to the green-yellow emission
with ultrahigh PLQY > 100%, and that the red emission can be ascribed
to [Cu2I5]3– cluster-centered
emission. Additionally, an information encryption method was designed
based on the Morse Code. The high luminescence characteristics of
LED devices fabricated using the (C4H10NO)4Cu2Br5·Br and (C4H10NO)4Cu2I5·I·H2O crystals appear to lead to promising applications in solid-state
lighting. This work extends the catalog of high-performance luminescent
materials and also promotes application prospects of low-dimensional
copper-based halides in optoelectronics
(C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>10</sub>NO)PbX<sub>3</sub> (X = Cl, Br): Design of Two Lead Halide Perovskite Crystals with Moderate Nonlinear Optical Properties
Introducing
electronegative species into organic constituents was
considered to be one effective strategy for adjusting crystal symmetry
and designing new nonlinear optical (NLO) materials. By substitution
of C4 in piperidine (C5H11N) with electronegative
oxygen, organic morpholine (C4H9NO) was easily
obtained. Therefore, to design NLO crystals, we focused on combinations
of stereochemically active lone-pair (SCALP) cation (Pb2+)-based chloride and bromide with morpholine molecules. In this work,
two lead halide hybrid perovskite (C4H10NO)PbX3 (X = Cl, Br, abbreviated as MPbCl3 and MPbBr3, respectively) single crystals with moderate nonlinear optical
properties were synthesized by a slow evaporation method. The two
title crystals belong to orthorhombic space group P212121 with one-dimensional (1D)
chainlike perovskite structures. Theoretical calculations revealed
that the second harmonic generation (SHG) responses mainly originate
from distorted {PbX6} octahedrons of the inorganic framework.
Remarkably, moderate phase-matching SHG effects of about 0.70 and
0.81 times KH2PO4, large birefringences of 0.098
and 0.111 at 1064 nm, and large laser damage thresholds (LDTs) of
19.94 and 46.82 MW/cm2 were estimated for MPbCl3 and MPbBr3, respectively. This work provides a novel
strategy for new purpose-designed hybrid NLO crystals by adjustment
and modulation of chemical modification
Examining the Capability of the VLF Technique for Nowcasting Solar Flares Based on Ground Measurements in Antarctica
Measurements of Very-Low-Frequency (VLF) transmitter signals have been widely used to investigate the effects of various space weather events on the D-region ionosphere, including nowcasting solar flares. Previous studies have established a method to nowcast solar flares using VLF measurements, but only using measurements from dayside propagation paths, and there remains limited focus on day–night mixed paths, which are important for method applicability. Between March and May of 2022, the Sun erupted a total of 56 M-class and 6 X-class solar flares, all of which were well captured by our VLF receiver in Antarctica. Using these VLF measurements, we reexamine the capability of the VLF technique to nowcast solar flares by including day–night mixed propagation paths and expanding the path coverage in longitude compared to that in previous studies. The amplitude and phase maximum changes are generally positively correlated with X-ray fluxes, whereas the time delay is negatively correlated. The curve-fitting parameters that we obtain for the X-ray fluxes and VLF signal maximum changes are consistent with those in previous studies for dayside paths, even though different instruments are used, supporting the flare-nowcasting method. Moreover, the present results show that, for day–night mixed paths, the amplitude and phase maximum changes also scale linearly with the logarithm of the flare X-ray fluxes, but the level of change is notably different from that for dayside paths. The coefficients used in the flare-nowcasting method need to be updated for mixed propagation paths
Three-Biomarker Joint Strategy for Early and Accurate Diagnosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction via a Multiplex Electrochemiluminescence Immunoarray Coupled with Robust Machine Learning
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI)
represents a leading cause of
death globally. Key to AMI recovery is timely diagnosis and initiation
of treatment, ideally within 3 h of symptom onset. Cardiac troponin
T (cTnT) is the gold standard yet a low cTnT result cannot rule out
AMI at early times. Here, we develop a three-biomarker joint strategy
for early and accurate diagnosis of AMI via an electrochemiluminescence
(ECL) immunoarray coupled with robust machine learning. The ECL immunoarray
is based on an array microchip with a single-electrode and chemiluminescent
immuno-Gold (ciGold) nanoassemblies. The ciGold immunoarray was obtained
by successively assembling nanocomposites of Cu2+/cysteine
complexes and N-(aminobutyl)-N-(ethylisoluminol) bifunctionalized
gold nanoparticles combined with chitosan and antibody conjugated
gold nanoparticles on the surface of a microchip. Three biomarkers,
including cardiac troponin I, heart type fatty acid binding protein,
and copeptin, were simultaneously detected in 260 serum samples from
patients presenting with chest pain by an innovative multiplexed ECL
immunoarray, and classified via the three-biomarker joint assessment
model using support vector machines. The model achieved perfect discrimination
(100% sensitivity and specificity) for AMI vs non-AMI patients, substantially
higher than cTnT alone. Within 12 h of symptom onset, high-sensitivity
cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) misclassified >20% of patients, while
the joint biomarker assessment model retained perfect accuracy. As
the time between symptom onset and testing became shorter, the degree
to which the joint assessment model outperformed hs-cTnT increased.
The proposed three-biomarker joint strategy is obviously superior
to hs-cTnT for early and accurate diagnosis of AMI, hopefully reducing
AMI mortality and saving limited medical resources