Protest blues : public opinion on the policing of protest in South Africa

Abstract: The policing response to rising protest action in the country has received increased attention in the last decade. This is particularly due to concerns over confrontations during which protestors have been arrested, injured and in some instances killed by the police. Despite the criticism voiced by various stakeholders about the manner in which the police manage crowd gatherings, relatively little is known about the views of South African adults on the policing of protest action and the factors that shape such attitudes. To provide some insight, the study presented in this article draws on data from a specialized module on protest‐related attitudes and behaviour that was fielded as part of the 2016 round of the Human Sciences Research Council’s South African Social Attitudes Survey (SASAS) series. This nationally representative survey included specific questions probing the public’s overall evaluation of the performance of the police in dealing with protests and the justifiability of the use of force in policing protest action. The paper will present the national pattern of results based on these measures and then determine the extent to which there exist distinct underlying socio‐demographic cleavages. A combination of bivariate and multivariate analysis will also be undertaken to provide an understanding of the role of the perceived effectiveness, acceptability and reported participation in protest (especially disruptive and violent actions) in shaping views regarding policing protest. The article concludes with a discussion that reflects on the implications of the research for the policing of protest action in future, taking into account the appreciable rise in the incidence of protest since the mid‐2000s as well as the mounting tensions between state institutions and communities over the political, moral and constitutional arguments for and against such actions

Self-reported medication side effects in an older cohort living independently in the community - the Melbourne Longitudinal Study on Health Ageing (MELSHA) : cross-sectional analysis of prevalence and risk factors

Background Medication side effects are an important cause of morbidity, mortality and costs in older people. The aim of our study was to examine prevalence and risk factors for self-reported medication side effects in an older cohort living independently in the community.Methods The Melbourne Longitudinal Study on Healthy Ageing (MELSHA), collected information on those aged 65 years or older living independently in the community and commenced in 1994. Data on medication side effects was collected from the baseline cohort (n = 1000) in face-to-face baseline interviews in 1994 and analysed as cross-sectional data. Risk factors examined were: socio-demographics, health status and medical conditions; medication use and health service factors. Analysis included univariate logistic regression to estimate unadjusted risk and multivariate logistic regression analysis to assess confounding and estimate adjusted risk.Results Self-reported medication side effects were reported by approximately 6.7% (67/1000) of the entire baseline MELSHA cohort, and by 8.5% (65/761) of those on medication. Identified risk factors were increased education level, co-morbidities and health service factors including recency of visiting the pharmacist, attending younger doctors, and their doctor\u27s awareness of their medications. The greatest increase in risk for medication side effects was associated with liver problems and their doctor\u27s awareness of their medications. Aging and gender were not risk factors.Conclusion Prevalence of self-reported medication side effects was comparable with that reported in adults attending General Practices in a primary care setting in Australia. The prevalence and identified risk factors provide further insight and opportunity to develop strategies to address the problem of medication side effects in older people living independently in the community setting. <br /

The Eastern Schism : A Study Of The Papacy And The Eastern Churches During The XIth And XII

Oxfordvii, 189 p.; 23 c

A History of the crusades : Vol.II : The kingdom of Jerusalem and the frankish east 1100-1187

New Yorkxi, 522 p.; 20 cm

A History of The Crusades : V., The First Crusade and the Foundation of the Kingdom of Jerus

Cambridgexiii, 377 p.; 21 c

Byzantine civilization

+255hlm.;18c