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従来のペクチン定量法は,メトキシル基含量別の分画が不良,分析時間が長いなど若干の問題点がある。そこで,0.OlM塩酸溶液(pH2.0)に続き酢酸ナトリウム緩衝液(pH4.0),次にヘキサメタ燐酸ナトリウム溶液(pH4.0)を抽出溶媒^5)に使用し,短瞬間でメトキシル基含量の異なるペクチン質を分別定量する簡易法について検討した。(1)超音波による振とう攪拌を塩酸溶液および酢酸ナトリウム緩衝液で10時間の抽出中2時間毎に,ヘキサメタ燐酸ナトリウム溶液で2時間の抽出中30分毎に,各々2分間行った結果,溶出した糖量は振とう攪拌を行なかった場合に比し顕著に増加した。(2)抽出を18,25および35℃の3種の温度で行った結果,糖の溶出量は処理温度が高いほど多く,特に塩酸溶液および酢酸ナトリウム緩衝液による抽出ではこの傾向が顕著であった。(3)抽出温度35℃および超音波による振とう攪拌を一定間隔で2分間付加した場合,糖溶出に要する抽出時間は,塩酸溶液および酢酸ナトリウム緩衝液で10時間,ヘキサメタ燐酸ナトリウム溶液で4時間であった

インターネットを活用した自主グループ間の情報ネットワークの構築

『地域を基盤とする看護教育への変革』が平成19年度文部科学省「現代的教育ニーズ取組支援プログラム」に選定され、グループ支援ネットワークとして、島根県下の自主グループと学内に設置した地域連携ステーションとの情報ネットワークの構築に取り組んだ。インターネットを活用することで会員や一般への情報発信や情報交換に有効だった。しかし、ホームページへの入力操作に困難性を認めるなど支援も必要としていた。これらの課題解決を図りながらメリット・デメリットを考慮したインターネットの活用は、今後、自主グループの機能強化に有効な手段となることが期待される

Post-intervention Status in Patients With Refractory Myasthenia Gravis Treated With Eculizumab During REGAIN and Its Open-Label Extension

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether eculizumab helps patients with anti-acetylcholine receptor-positive (AChR+) refractory generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) achieve the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) post-intervention status of minimal manifestations (MM), we assessed patients' status throughout REGAIN (Safety and Efficacy of Eculizumab in AChR+ Refractory Generalized Myasthenia Gravis) and its open-label extension. METHODS: Patients who completed the REGAIN randomized controlled trial and continued into the open-label extension were included in this tertiary endpoint analysis. Patients were assessed for the MGFA post-intervention status of improved, unchanged, worse, MM, and pharmacologic remission at defined time points during REGAIN and through week 130 of the open-label study. RESULTS: A total of 117 patients completed REGAIN and continued into the open-label study (eculizumab/eculizumab: 56; placebo/eculizumab: 61). At week 26 of REGAIN, more eculizumab-treated patients than placebo-treated patients achieved a status of improved (60.7% vs 41.7%) or MM (25.0% vs 13.3%; common OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.1-4.5). After 130 weeks of eculizumab treatment, 88.0% of patients achieved improved status and 57.3% of patients achieved MM status. The safety profile of eculizumab was consistent with its known profile and no new safety signals were detected. CONCLUSION: Eculizumab led to rapid and sustained achievement of MM in patients with AChR+ refractory gMG. These findings support the use of eculizumab in this previously difficult-to-treat patient population. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER: REGAIN, NCT01997229; REGAIN open-label extension, NCT02301624. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class II evidence that, after 26 weeks of eculizumab treatment, 25.0% of adults with AChR+ refractory gMG achieved MM, compared with 13.3% who received placebo

Minimal Symptom Expression' in Patients With Acetylcholine Receptor Antibody-Positive Refractory Generalized Myasthenia Gravis Treated With Eculizumab

The efficacy and tolerability of eculizumab were assessed in REGAIN, a 26-week, phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive (AChR+) refractory generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG), and its open-label extension

Functional network activity during errorless and trial-and-error color-name association learning

Introduction In cognitive rehabilitation, errorless (EL) and trial-and-error (T&E) learning are well-known methods, but their neural mechanisms are not well known. In this study, we investigated functional magnetic resonance imaging data for healthy adults during EL and T&E learning. Methods Participants memorized color-name associations in both methods using Japanese traditional colors which were unfamiliar to study participants. A functional network analysis was conducted by applying graph theory. We focused on two major cognitive networks: the default mode network (DMN) and the fronto-parietal network (FPN). Also, we used "within-network connectivity" and "between-network connectivity" graph metrics. The former represents the functional connectivity strength of a subnetwork, namely the within-DMN connectivity and within-FPN connectivity, while the latter represents the number of links between the DMN and FPN. Results The within-DMN connectivity in T&E learning was significantly higher than in EL learning. The difference between the memory scores of EL and T&E learning weakly correlated with the between-network connectivity differences between both learning tasks. Conclusions Our results suggest that within-DMN connectivity is important in T&E learning and that the learning benefit differences between EL and T&E approaches potentially relate to the functional integration strength between the DMN and FPN