Dividend Versus Capital Gain and Investor Preference:A Case Study on Dhaka Stock Exchange

This paper explores investors’ preference for capital gain and dividend payment. The questionnaire results show that overall, investors prefer capital gain over cash dividend. The results from the regression also demonstrate that all demographic variables and investor characteristic, specifically education level, age, investment amount and investment income, are positively related to an investors tendency to prefer dividend payment, with investment income and age having the strongest impact. The results from this test reconfirm that investors with larger sums tend to be more risk averse. Moreover, the results from the primary data also reveal that investor preferences are compatible and consistent with traditional theories including the Birds-in-the-Hand Theory, Information Signaling Theory, Tax Preference Theory and Clientele Effect Theory. Keywords: dividend payment, capital gain, demographic characteristics, Information Signaling Theory

Characterizing aging in the human brainstem using quantitative multimodal MRI analysis.

Aging is ubiquitous to the human condition. The MRI correlates of healthy aging have been extensively investigated using a range of modalities, including volumetric MRI, quantitative MRI (qMRI), and diffusion tensor imaging. Despite this, the reported brainstem related changes remain sparse. This is, in part, due to the technical and methodological limitations in quantitatively assessing and statistically analyzing this region. By utilizing a new method of brainstem segmentation, a large cohort of 100 healthy adults were assessed in this study for the effects of aging within the human brainstem in vivo. Using qMRI, tensor-based morphometry (TBM), and voxel-based quantification (VBQ), the volumetric and quantitative changes across healthy adults between 19 and 75 years were characterized. In addition to the increased R2* in substantia nigra corresponding to increasing iron deposition with age, several novel findings were reported in the current study. These include selective volumetric loss of the brachium conjunctivum, with a corresponding decrease in magnetization transfer and increase in proton density (PD), accounting for the previously described “midbrain shrinkage.” Additionally, we found increases in R1 and PD in several pontine and medullary structures. We consider these changes in the context of well-characterized, functional age-related changes, and propose potential biophysical mechanisms. This study provides detailed quantitative analysis of the internal architecture of the brainstem and provides a baseline for further studies of neurodegenerative diseases that are characterized by early, pre-clinical involvement of the brainstem, such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases

The Impact of Cluster Farming Approach in Simplification of Shrimp (Penaeus monodon) Marketing Channel of Paikgachha Upazila

A research study has been undertaken on shrimp marketing channel of Paikgachha upazila and its simplification process by cluster farming approach of WorldFish Center. The objectives of the study were to investigate the stakeholders involved in both existing shrimp marketing and simplified marketing channel and also determine the efficacy of cluster farming on good price and better raw materials quality. Study area possessed a complex marketing channel having at least eight stakeholders from production to processor namely, shrimp farmer; foria; local depots; large depots; aratdar, paikar; sub-agent; commission agents and exporter/processor thus flow of shrimps from gher to processors take about 20-30 hours that ultimately deteriorates the shrimp quality. This beset has been solved rather simplified through managing local depot works as partner NGO (PNGO) of WorldFish Center. The findings of the study revealed that the cluster farming approach simplified the marketing channel considerably than before. The farmers in the clusters received better price from their harvested shrimp without involvement of middlemen which resulted high quality of raw-materials with better price. Keywords: WorldFish Center, PNGO, cluster farming, foria, aratdar, paika

RC circuit response

RC circuit consists of a resistor and a capacitor which are connected in series. This chapter focuses on how the voltage develops (or shrinks) with a constant voltage source, V, is turned on (or off). Generally speaking, a capacitor accumulates charge for a current flow in, and obviously current flow out of a capacitor results into charge depletion. The current flow into an uncharged capacitor is maximum, equal to VIR at the instant in time when the circuit is closed, alternatively we can say that an uncharged capacitor acts like a short circuit at t=0. However, current flow drops exponentially to reach zero when capacitor gets fully charged to act like an open circuit. Capacitor unlike a resistor from an electrical view point shows more complex current-voltage relation. Also, besides being a charge storage element, capacitor is like a delay element too with a time constant given by r=R

Magnetic properties for magnetic transducer

Knowing the basic terminology for describing magnetic effects and properties are essential since magnetic materials can be used in inductive sensors as in the form of core. The various types of magnetic behaviour and properties of hard and soft magnetic materials (used in inductive sensor) need to be identified in order to decide on the appropriate applications in biomedical and industrial fiel

Basic concept of inductance for inductive transducers

Inductance is a property exhibited by a circuit element, called inductor. This property is a result of a changing magnetic field associated with a coil of given number of turns wounded on air core or core of some materials. Accordingly inductance depends on the geometrical dimensions, and the turns and the core used. Invariably the most important cause for a magnetic field is the current flowing through the turns. If current is varying with time, the magnetic field is varying with time. A time-varying magnetic field includes a voltage in any conductor linked by the field, and as a result the coil causes a drop in the voltage applied. The circuit parameter of inductance displays a dormant behavior for a continuous current flow. The coil breaks its non-dormant behavior open when the current flow experiences a chang

Application and case studies of magnetic induction

The on-going development in the field of sensors applications has opened up several possibilities for significant improvements in the advancement of bio-implantable devices or medical equipment. Some researchers have designed and developed inductive sensors for various applications such as tongues drive system enabling a person with severe disabilities to sense. It determines users' intentions by tracking the movements of a permanent magnetic tracer wirelessly that is secured on their tongues using an array of magnetic sensor

Analysis of phase detection circuit for human activity

This paper describes a method for analysing and detecting the daily activities of a person with the help of phase sensitive detector analysis. The phase sensitive detector (PSD) is implemented in the circuitry to measure the phase and amplitude change produced, I and Q, hence the amplitude and the phase of the voltage. The basic components of PSD analysis are modulation, multiplication and low pass filter. This technique will be able to distinguish a person's daily activities such as walking, fall events, entering or leaving a room by comparing the amplitude and phase of the output results to the input amplitude and phase change. A detailed analysis is carried out, which reveals equations that can assist in measuring the phase and amplitude information. Furthermore, MATLAB simulation results offers consistent results when compared with theory, hence, this determines the suitability of the model proposed. Likewise the data obtained can aid in the ability to analyse the movement of the person

Magnetic hysteresis theory :application perspective

Magnetic materials are generally categorized into two categories, soft or hard. Soft magnetic materials are characterized by large permeability and very small coercivities while the hard one are frequently used in permanent magnet applications and are characterized by large saturation magnetizations and large coercivities. Soft and hard magnetic materials have been' introduced in many applications over last few years. Applications utilizing soft/hard magnetic materials offer both economical benefits and design flexibility. A wide range of magnetic performance requirements can be met via hysteresis loop through the proper choice of materials and the appropriate processing of those material