Superconducting fluctuations and pseudogap in high-Tc cuprates

Large pulsed magnetic fields up to 60 Tesla are used to suppress the contribution of superconducting fluctuations (SCF) to the ab-plane conductivity above Tc in a series of YBa2Cu3O(6+x). These experiments allow us to determine the field H'c(T) and the temperature T'c above which the SCFs are fully suppressed. A careful investigation near optimal doping shows that T'c is higher than the pseudogap temperature T*, which is an unambiguous evidence that the pseudogap cannot be assigned to preformed pairs. Accurate determinations of the SCF contribution to the conductivity versus temperature and magnetic field have been achieved. They can be accounted for by thermal fluctuations following the Ginzburg-Landau scheme for nearly optimally doped samples. A phase fluctuation contribution might be invoked for the most underdoped samples in a T range which increases when controlled disorder is introduced by electron irradiation. Quantitative analysis of the fluctuating magnetoconductance allows us to determine the critical field Hc2(0) which is found to be be quite similar to H'c(0) and to increase with hole doping. Studies of the incidence of disorder on both T'c and T* allow us to propose a three dimensional phase diagram including a disorder axis, which allows to explain most observations done in other cuprate families.Comment: Paper presented at the "Eurasia-Pacific Summer School & Conference on Correlated Electrons", Turunc-Marmaris, Turkey, July 4-14, 201

Reply to Comment on "High-field studies of superconducting fluctuations in high-Tc cuprates: Evidence for a small gap distinct from the large pseudogap" by M.V. Ramallo et al

The experimental investigations done in our paper Phys.Rev.B84,014522(2011) allowed us to establish that the superconducting fluctuations (SCF) always die out sharply with increasing T. But contrary to the claim done in the comment of Ramallo et al., this sharp cutoff of SCF measured in YBa2Cu3O{6+x} depends on hole doping and/or disorder. So our data cannot be used to claim for a universality of the extended gaussian Ginzburg Landau theory proposed by the authors of the comment. Furthermore, to explain quantitatively our data near optimal doping using this model they need to consider that fluctuations in the two CuO2 planes of a bilayer are totally decoupled, which is not physically well justified. On the contrary a consistent interpretation of all our data (paraconductivity, Nernst effect and magnetoresistance) has been done by considering that the coupling between the two layers of the unit cell is dominant at least up to 1.1Tc.Comment: Reply to the comment published in Phys. Rev. B 85,106501 (2012

Longitudinal magnetoresistance in Co-doped BaFe2As2 and LiFeAs single crystals: Interplay between spin fluctuations and charge transport in iron-pnictides

The longitudinal in-plane magnetoresistance (LMR) has been measured in different Ba(Fe_(1-x)Co_x)2As2 single crystals and in LiFeAs. For all these compounds, we find a negative LMR in the paramagnetic phase whose magnitude increases as H^2. We show that this negative LMR can be readily explained in terms of suppression of the spin fluctuations by the magnetic field. In the Co-doped samples, the absolute value of the LMR coefficient is found to decrease with doping content in the paramagnetic phase. The analysis of its T dependence in an itinerant nearly antiferromagnetic Fermi liquid model evidences that the LMR displays a qualitative change of T variation with increasing Co content. The latter occurs at optimal doping for which the antiferromagnetic ground state is suppressed. The same type of analysis for the negative LMR measured in LiFeAs suggests that this compound is on the verge of magnetism.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure

Disorder, Metal-Insulator crossover and Phase diagram in high-Tc cuprates

We have studied the influence of disorder induced by electron irradiation on the normal state resistivities $\rho(T)$ of optimally and underdoped YBa2CuOx single crystals, using pulsed magnetic fields up to 60T to completely restore the normal state. We evidence that point defect disorder induces low T upturns of rho(T) which saturate in some cases at low T in large applied fields as would be expected for a Kondo-like magnetic response. Moreover the magnitude of the upturns is related to the residual resistivity, that is to the concentration of defects and/or their nanoscale morphology. These upturns are found quantitatively identical to those reported in lower Tc cuprates, which establishes the importance of disorder in these supposedly pure compounds. We therefore propose a realistic phase diagram of the cuprates, including disorder, in which the superconducting state might reach the antiferromagnetic phase in the clean limit.Comment: version 2 with minor change

High Field determination of superconducting fluctuations in high-Tc cuprates

Large pulsed magnetic fields up to 60 Tesla are used to suppress the contribution of superconducting fluctuations (SCF) to the ab-plane conductivity above Tc in a series of YBa2Cu3O6+x single crystals. The fluctuation conductivity is found to vanish nearly exponentially with temperature, allowing us to determine precisely the field H'c(T) and the temperature T'c above which the SCFs are fully suppressed. T'c is always found much smaller than the pseudogap temperature. A careful investigation near optimal doping shows that T'c is higher than the pseudogap T*, which indicates that the pseudogap cannot be assigned to preformed pairs. For nearly optimally doped samples, the fluctuation conductivity can be accounted for by gaussian fluctuations following the Ginzburg-Landau scheme. A phase fluctuation contribution might be invoked for the most underdoped samples in a T range which increases when controlled disorder is introduced by electron irradiation. Quantitative analysis of the fluctuating magnetoconductance allows us to determine the critical field Hc2(0) which is found to be quite similar to H'c(0) and to increase with hole doping. Studies of the incidence of disorder on both T'c and T* enable us to propose a three dimensional phase diagram including a disorder axis, which allows to explain most observations done in other cuprate families.Comment: 10 pages, 10 figures, invited paper at the M2SHTSC Conference Washington (2012

Respective influences of pair breaking and phase fluctuations in disordered high Tc superconductors

Electron irradiation has been used to introduce point defects in a controlled way in the CuO2 planes of underdoped and optimally doped YBCO. This technique allows us to perform very accurate measurements of Tc and of the residual resistivity in a wide range of defect contents xd down to Tc=0. The Tc decrease does not follow the variation expected from pair breaking theories. The evolutions of Tc and of the transition width with xd emphasize the importance of phase fluctuations, at least for the highly damaged regime. These results open new questions about the evolution of the defect induced Tc depression over the phase diagram of the cupratesComment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Atomic coexistence of superconductivity and incommensurate magnetic order in the Ba(Fe1-xCox)2As2 pnictide

75As NMR and susceptiblity were measured in a Ba(Fe1-xCox)2As2 single crystal for x=6%. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectra and relaxation rates allow to show that all Fe sites experience an incommensurate magnetic ordering below T=31K. Comparison with undoped compound allows to estimate a typical moment of 0.05 muB. Anisotropy of the NMR widths can be interpreted using a model of incommensurability with a wavevector (1/2-eps,0,l) with eps of the order of 0.04. Below TC=21.8K, a full volume superconductivity develops as shown by susceptibility and relaxation rate, and magnetic order remains unaffected, demonstrating coexistence of both states on each Fe site.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Total suppression of superconductivity by high magnetic fields in YBa2 Cu3O6.6

We have studied in fields up to 60T the variation of the transverse magnetoresistance (MR) of underdoped YBCO6.6 crystals either pure or with Tc reduced down to 3.5K by electron irradiation. We evidence that the normal state MR is restored above a threshold field H'c(T), which is found to vanish at T'c>>Tc. In the pure YBCO6.6 sample a 50 Tesla field is already required to completely suppress the superconducting fluctuations at Tc. While disorder does not depress the pseudogap temperature, it reduces drastically the phase coherence established at Tc and weakly H'c(0), T'c and the onset Tnu of the Nernst signal which are more characteristic of the 2D local pairing.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Different effects of Ni and Co substitution on the transport properties of BaFe2As2

We report resistivity and Hall effect results on Ba(Fe1-xNix)2As2 and compare them with those in Ba(Fe1-xCox)2As2. The Hall number RH is negative for all x values from 0.01 to 0.14, which indicates that electron carriers dominate the transport both in the magnetic and paramagnetic regime. We analyse the data in the framework of a two-band model. Without any assumption on the number of carriers, we show that the electron resistivity can be estimated with good accuracy in the low temperature paramagnetic range. Although the phase diagrams of the two families are very similar with respect to the extra electrons added in the system, we find that the transport properties differ in several aspects. First, we evidence that the contribution of holes to the transport is more important for Ni doping than for Co doping. Secondly, Ni behaves as a stronger scatterer for the electrons, as the increase of the residual electron resistivity rho/x is about four times larger for Ni than for Co in the most doped samples.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figure

Synthesis of sodium cobaltate Nax_{x}CoO2_{2} single crystals with controlled Na ordering

In this study, we synthesized single crystals of Na$_{x}$CoO$_{2}$ with $x\sim0.8$ using the optical floating zone technique. A thorough electrochemical treatment of the samples permitted us to control the de-intercalation of Na to obtain single crystal samples of stable Na ordered phases with $x=0.5-0.8$. Comparisons of the bulk magnetic properties with those observed in the Na ordered powder samples confirmed the high quality of these single crystal phases. The ab plane resistivity was measured for the Na ordered samples and it was quite reproducible for different sample batches. The data were analogous to those found in previous initial experimental studies on single crystals, but the lower residual resistivity and sharper anti-ferromagnetic transitions determined for our samples confirmed their higher quality.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figure