ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICES OF NURSES REGARDING THE PREVENTION OF INFECTION IN BURN PATIENT IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL LAHORE

Introduction: Burn wound infection are one of the most significant and possibly genuine complications that happen in the intense period following injury. Roughly 180,000 expiries happen due to burn each year evaluated by world health organization in 2018. Reducing the spread of disease and human care services related burn infection in the burn unit of public hospital. WHO has revealed a lot higher occurrence in Pakistan roughly 1388/100000 yearly when contrasted with worldwide frequency of 110/100000 for every annum Implementation of rules will lessen the rate pace of burn wound contamination in the burn unit. Methodology: quantitative observational descriptive study design was used to assess the nurses’ knowledge and practices regarding prevention of infection in burn patient. In order to assess nurses practiced, data was collected through the standardized checklist and questionnaire regarding prevention of infection in burn patient. The checklist and questionnaire consist of 55 items. Results: The findings of this study revealed that there are poor knowledge and practices of nurses regarding prevention of infection in burn patient. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the study, it is concluded that nurses working in burn units of hospital of Lahore, Punjab region have low knowledge and practices regarding prevention of Infections among burn patients. Therefore, hospitals are required to organize adequate trainings and to develop unit specific clinical infection control guidelines and protocols Key words: Infection, Practice, Knowledge, Burn, Patient. DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/74-11 Publication date:May 31st 202

EEffect of folic acid on fluoride induced morphological alterations in the liver of albino wistar rats

Objective: To observe the histomorphological changes in liver of Albino wistar rats induced by Fluoride and effect of Folic acid.Methodology: This quasi experimental study was conducted at Anatomy department & postgraduate Laboratory of Isra University Hyderabad Sindh from April 2018 to September 2018. Total forty healthy rats 8-12 weeks old and weight 150-250gm were selected. Animals were divided in 4 groups in equal numbers. Animals of Group A, were given normal diet, Group B, received distilled water mixed with Fluoride (10.0mg/kg) and group C received distilled water mixed with Fluoride (10mg/kg) along with folic acid supplement (2.5mg/kg). Group D, animals received Fluoride (10mg/kg) for four weeks initially and then folic acid (2.5mg/kg) mixed distilled water was given for additional four weeks.  After completion of experiment, the rats were sacrificed and hepatic tissues were processed to prepare paraffin blocks. 4-6 micrometer sections were obtained for slides and stained with hematoxylin and eosin to observe under light microscope. All the data was recorded in proforma. Results: Liver weight was insignificant among all study groups. On histological examinations, fibrotic changes were significantly higher among all experimental groups as compare to control group whereas folic acid consumption reduced it. Necrotic changes, hepatic inflammatory changes, sinusoidal dilatation and congested portal veins were found higher among animals of experimental group B as compared to group C and group D, while no changes found in control group.Conclusion: Fluoride exposure that impair liver architecture, is potently supported by the portal inflammation, necrosis, and histological alterations. Folic acid is the best supplement to prevent and revert the hepatic histological alterations caused by fluorid

EEffect of folic acid on fluoride induced morphological alterations in the liver of albino wistar rats

Objective: To observe the histomorphological changes in liver of Albino wistar rats induced by Fluoride and effect of Folic acid.Methodology: This quasi experimental study was conducted at Anatomy department & postgraduate Laboratory of Isra University Hyderabad Sindh from April 2018 to September 2018. Total forty healthy rats 8-12 weeks old and weight 150-250gm were selected. Animals were divided in 4 groups in equal numbers. Animals of Group A, were given normal diet, Group B, received distilled water mixed with Fluoride (10.0mg/kg) and group C received distilled water mixed with Fluoride (10mg/kg) along with folic acid supplement (2.5mg/kg). Group D, animals received Fluoride (10mg/kg) for four weeks initially and then folic acid (2.5mg/kg) mixed distilled water was given for additional four weeks.  After completion of experiment, the rats were sacrificed and hepatic tissues were processed to prepare paraffin blocks. 4-6 micrometer sections were obtained for slides and stained with hematoxylin and eosin to observe under light microscope. All the data was recorded in proforma. Results: Liver weight was insignificant among all study groups. On histological examinations, fibrotic changes were significantly higher among all experimental groups as compare to control group whereas folic acid consumption reduced it. Necrotic changes, hepatic inflammatory changes, sinusoidal dilatation and congested portal veins were found higher among animals of experimental group B as compared to group C and group D, while no changes found in control group.Conclusion: Fluoride exposure that impair liver architecture, is potently supported by the portal inflammation, necrosis, and histological alterations. Folic acid is the best supplement to prevent and revert the hepatic histological alterations caused by fluorid

Efficacy of Manual Vacuum Aspiration Vs Conventional Evacuation and Curettage

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Manual Vacuum Aspiration (MVA) compared to Conventional Evacuation and Curettage (E & C) in managing first-trimester miscarriage. METHODOLOGY: A total of 160 patients were enrolled in this comparative study. Patients were categorized into two groups (Group A undergoing MVA) and (Group B undergoing E&C). Each group had 80 cases randomly selected. Stable patients with miscarriages ­< 12 wks of gestation and no comorbid were included in the study. Data was recorded on pre-designed proforma, and analysis was done by SPSS Software. RESULTS: Efficacy of MVA was 97.5% and 92.5% in E&C, with a 7.5% vs 30% complication rate in MVA and E&C Group, respectively. The mean duration of the procedure was 9 minutes in the MVA group versus 18.8 minutes in the E&C group. The hospital stay was 14.2 hours vs 20.3 hours in MVA and E&C Group. 16.25% vs 46.25% of women in MVA vs E&C Group reported post-op pain. 93.75% of women were satisfied with MVA, whereas only 50% of women were satisfied with E&C. 81.25% 91.25% required Anesthesia/Analgesia in MVA and E&C Group, respectively. CONCLUSION: MVA is a more effective and rapidly performing outpatient procedure with a lower complication rate. In this study efficacy of MVA is 97.5% compared to the E&C group, i.e., 92%. Its safety, cost-effectiveness and efficacy advocate its extended use as an alternative to the conventional surgical method of miscarriag

Diagnostic accuracy of contrast enhanced computed tomography in detection of colorectal cancer in clinically suspected patients

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) abdomen to detect the colorectal cancer in clinically suspected patients by taking histopathology as gold standard. Methodology: This was a descriptive Cross sectional study, which was carried out at radiology department of Civil Hospital, Karachi, from  January 2015 to  November 2015 and comprised patients referred for CECT of abdomen with clinical suspicious of colorectal carcinoma. The diagnosis of the colorectal cancer was made on the basis of radiological appearance on CT and then compared with histopathological findings. The primary performance of CECT abdomen in terms of sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma was calculated.   Results: Out of the 244 subjects, 154 (63.1%) were males and 90 (36.9%) were females. Mean age of the patients was 46.84±10.88 years. Colorectal carcinoma was labeled in 224 patients on CECT abdomen, out of these among 206 patients; carcinoma was proven on histological findings. Contrasted enhanced computed tomography showed diagnostic accuracy of 89.8% followed by sensitivity 92.0% and specificity 65.0%. Conclusion: Contrast enhanced CT is a non-invasive imaging technique in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer with sensitivity 92.0% and specificity 65.0%

Microsatellites’ mutation modeling through the analysis of the Y-chromosomal transmission: Results of a GHEP-ISFG collaborative study

The Spanish and Portuguese Speaking Working Group of the International Society for Forensic Genetics (GHEP-ISFG) organized a collaborative study on mutations of Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (Y-STRs). New data from 2225 father-son duos and data from 44 previously published reports, corresponding to 25,729 duos, were collected and analyzed. Marker-specific mutation rates were estimated for 33 Y-STRs. Although highly dependent on the analyzed marker, mutations compatible with the gain or loss of a single repeat were 23.2 times more likely than those involving a greater number of repeats. Longer alleles (relatively to the modal one) showed to be nearly twice more mutable than the shorter ones. Within the subset of longer alleles, the loss of repeats showed to be nearly twice more likely than the gain. Conversely, shorter alleles showed a symmetrical trend, with repeat gains being twofold more frequent than reductions. A positive correlation between the paternal age and the mutation rate was observed, strengthening previous findings. The results of a machine learning approach, via logistic regression analyses, allowed the establishment of algebraic formulas for estimating the probability of mutation depending on paternal age and allele length for DYS389I, DYS393 and DYS627. Algebraic formulas could also be established considering only the allele length as predictor for DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II-I, DYS390, DYS391, DYS393, DYS437, DYS439, DYS449, DYS456, DYS458, DYS460, DYS481, DYS518, DYS533, DYS576, DYS626 and DYS627 loci. For the remaining Y-STRs, a lack of statistical significance was observed, probably as a consequence of the small effective size of the subsets available, a common difficulty in the modeling of rare events as is the case of mutations. The amount of data used in the different analyses varied widely, depending on how the data were reported in the publications analyzed. This shows a regrettable waste of produced data, due to inadequate communication of the results, supporting an urgent need of publication guidelines for mutation studies.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

ادبی رسائل و جرائد کے مدیران کے شخصیات نمبر :تحقیقی وتنقیدی جائزہ (بحوالہ خصوصی ادبِ لطیف ، نقوش ، فنون)

  The way in which literary journals promoted literary creations in the twentieth century is no less than the invaluable service of knowledge and art not only quenching the thirst of the readers but these journals also introduced new poets, fiction writers and critics these literary journals also acquainted the readers with the writing of famous writers. The editors of literary journals performed this task as a duty and also explained the quality of creation to the new writers. These standard and literary journals were the full expression of cultural activities of the society. The standard and literary publications of these journals were due to their editors who expanded the circle of standard literature even with limited resources and unfavorable conditions. These editors conveyed life giving messages in their editorials and promoted various ideas and thoughts. These editors endured the differences but did not allow the universality of art to be harmed. These editors published various personality numbers and special numbers in their lives whose literary importance cannot be denied and then also be published personality numbers of editors by which many bright aspects of his personality have also came to the fore. These personalities’ numbers have become in mortal in the world of literature. 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Professional Capacity Building & Women Empowerment of Faculty at Quaid-i-Azam Academy for Educational Development Lahore: A Hermeneutic Phenomenological Approach

This research study is significant to present a realistic and objective view of the factors (emotional intelligence, perseverance, strategic vision, communication, and critical thinking) that enable women to attain empowerment in their institute. The core purpose of the study was to explore the phenomena of Quaid-Azam Academy for Educational Development (QAED) Lahore faculty and its role in building women's empowerment.  The major purpose of the research was to Identify the faculty barriers in the way of Women's Empowerment in QAED Lahore and Dig out the areas of Professional Capacity Building Practices of QAED Faculty.  Keeping in mind the above debate of literature the given was objectives of this research project to What are the environmental factors that play a significant role in Women Empowerment of Faculty at QAED Lahore? This was qualitative research. The paradigm was interpretivism and the methodology was qualitative. The present study was conducted under the interpretive paradigm. The type of research was phenomenology for this project.  The design was hermeneutic phenomenology. The paradigm was interpretivism and the methodology was qualitative.  Data was collected using semi-structured interviews N-Vivo-12 was used to analyze the data. The thematic analysis approach was applied to analyse the collected data to explore the perseverance and leadership success at QAED Lahore. In Pakistan, the limited research on factors that contribute to women’s success in educational leadership. Need for revised policies within organizations to encourage equal opportunities by reducing deliberate discriminatory activities within the workplace and society. Important areas of research can provide insights to enable women leaders to emerge in the patriarchal society

Forensic analysis of raw meat adulteration using mtDNA

Meat species identification has become essential with the increasing events of frauds like the illegal slaughter of cows, meat adulteration, and substitution. Food scam directly influences public well-being, trade, and wildlife. In Pakistan, donkey meat is used as adulterants for cow meat and is considered Haram in Islamic concepts. In this study PCR, based detection methods are used for identification purposes. The mitochondrial gene cytochrome b has been used in this study to identify the origin of meat specie. Specie-specific primers of cyt b of cow and donkey were used for identification. DNA from different binary ratios of cow and donkey meat was extracted by the phenol-chloroform method. Ratios were made from 1-10 and extracted DNA was subjected to PCR to amplify the target fragment of the cyt b gene. Primers were sensitive to identifying species origin in all meat ratios. Multiplex PCR was designed to identify both species and the results were analyzed by gel electrophoresis. Fragment size of 309bp for cow and 475bp for donkey was observed.Results of the current study conclude that PCR assays, including multiplex PCR, is efficient and has a high sensitivity for even small amount of meat. It is concluded that multiplex PCR is useful and reliable for adulterated meat detection