Assessment of genetic diversity among different indigenous Xanthomonas isolates via RAPD and ISSR

The genetic diversity among seven Xanthomonas isolates representing four species was assessed using RAPD and ISSR PCR-based techniques. Both techniques revealed high degrees of polymorphisms among the studied isolates. A cluster dendrogram based on the combined data of RAPD and ISSR showed that genetic diversity exists in local isolates of Xanthomonas. In terms of percentage similarity values, the genomic variation was found to be in the range of 29.29% - 100% among the isolates. X. campestris (Mangifera indica) remained unclustered in cluster dendrogram and revealed a unique genomic profile compared to other isolates used in this study

Elevating decision management in sustainable energy planning through spherical fuzzy aggregation operators

This article introduces a novel paradigm for enhancing the administration of decisions regarding sustainable energy planning. This is achieved by deploying novel spherical fuzzy aggregation operators that have been meticulously tailored to address the inherent complexities of uncertainty and imprecision prevalent in energy planning datasets. These operators vastly increase the precision and efficacy of decision-making processes, thereby transforming the entire sustainable energy landscape. This study focuses predominantly on the complex domain of multi-attribute decision-making (MADM), in which the interplay of parameters is characterized by a discernible hierarchy of importance. This method generates aggregation operators based on the assignment of non-negative real values to clearly defined priority echelons, a framework known as priority degrees. This effort results in the development of two notable prioritized operators: the “spherical fuzzy prioritized averaging operator with priority degrees” and the “spherical fuzzy prioritized geometric operator with priority degrees”. The efficacy of these conceptual frameworks is vividly demonstrated through the application of extensive case studies, in which observable results clearly demonstrate their superiority over conventional methodologies. The empirical findings unequivocally demonstrate the superiority of the proposed operators, resonating with substantial performance and efficiency improvements. This study not only adds a seminal dimension to the field of sustainable energy management but also reveals a revolutionary application of spherical fuzzy aggregation operators at the forefront of effective decision-making paradigms. The seamless fusion of theoretical innovation and practical utility outlines a path forward, with transformative prospects and far-reaching implications for the sustainable energy landscape

In vitro biological control of Fusarium solani – cause of wilt in Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.

Five species of Trichoderma viz. Trichoderma viride Pers. Ex Gray, T. harzianum Rifai, T. koningii Oudem, T. aureoviride Rifai and T. pseudokoningii Rifai, and three species of Aspergillus viz. Aspergillus fumigatus Fresenius, A. glaucus Link and A. oryzae (Ahlb.) Cohn were evaluated for their in vitro antagonistic potential against Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc., the cause of wilt disease in Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.). Among the Trichoderma species T. harzianum showed the best performance followed by T. viride, T. aureoviride, T. koningii and T. pseudokoningii, respectively, resulting in 52.4, 24,13.7, 9 and 2% reduction in colony growth of the test pathogenic fungus. Similarly there was 23, 20 and 7.5% reduction in colony growth of F. solani due to antagonistic effects of A. fumigatus, A. glaucus and A. oryzae, respectively

Tree dieback in Punjab, Pakistan

Survey of 10 districts of Punjab viz. Sialkot, Gujranwala, Lahore, Faisalabad, Sheikhupura, Gujrat, Jehlem, Rawalpindi, Sargodha, and Hafizabad were undertaken from March 2003 to March 2004 to study the present status of tree dieback incidence in these areas. A total of 21 tree species were found victim of the dieback disease. The disease incidence, however, varied in different tree species. Furthermore, there was also difference in disease severity in different surveyed districts of the province. Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. and Acacia nilotica (Lam) Willd. ex Delile., were found to be the most affected species in all the districts. Among the commonly grown trees Mangifera indica L., Eucalyptus citriodora Hook., E. camal-dulensis Dehnh., Populus hybrida M. Bieb., Ficus religiosa L., F. bengalensis L., Bombax ceiba L., Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels., Psidum guajava L., and Albizia lebbeck Benth. were found affected with dieback. The less commonly cultivated species like Toona ciliata (Roxb.) M. Roemer, Heterophragma adenophyllum Seem. ex Benth. & Hook., Ficus glomerata Roxb., Mimosup elengi, Terminalia arjuna Wight & Arn., Grevillea robusta Cunn., Ehretia acuminata R. Br., Platanus  orientalis L. and Barringtonia acutangula (L.) Gaertn. were also found victims of the dieback.  Termites and fungi were found to be the most common biotic factors responsible for the disease. Among the abiotic factors generally drought and environmental pollution seemed to be the main causes for dieback initiation and severity

N,N′-[1,3-Phenyl­enebis(methyl­ene)]di-p-toluenesulfonamide

In the title compound, C22H24N2O4S2, the dihedral angles between the central benzene ring and the pendant rings are 66.96 (13) and 69.37 (13)°. The torsion angles for the C—N—S—C fragments are −68.5 (3) and −72.6 (3)°. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds to generate infinite (001) sheets containing R 4 4(28) loops. A weak aromatic π–π stacking contact between one of the terminal benzene rings and its inversion-related partner is also observed [centroid-to-centroid separation = 3.796 (2) Å and slippage = 1.581 Å], as are two possible C—H⋯π contacts

Biological control of Parthenium I: Effect of Imperata cylindrica on distribution, germination and seedling growth of Parthenium hysterophorus

ABSTRACT Natural products have been the source of many pesticides, used either directly as crude preparations or as pure compounds. The present study was undertaken evaluate prospects of control of P. hysterophorus by using crude preparations of Imperata cylindrica (L). Beauv., an allelopathic grass. Ecological survey revealed that frequency and density of P. hysterophorus was significantly lower in I. cylindrica dominating localities as compared to nearby areas without I. cylindrica infestation. Aqueous extracts of I. cylindrica exhibited the potential to control germination and seedling growth of P. hysterophorus Aqueous root and shoot extracts of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% (w/v) concentration were employed against germination and seedling growth of P. hysterophorus. Root and shoot aqueous extracts of all the applied concentrations significantly suppressed the germination of P. hysterophorus. Early seedling growth of P. hysterophorus was generally reduced significantly by extracts of 10% and of higher concentrations. Increasing the concentration of the extract increased the inhibitory potential. Shoot extract was more inhibitory than root extract

Fagonia stabilized gold nanoparticles as antimicrobial agents

In this study, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) were synthesized using an aqueous extract of Fagonia , as a stabilizing and reducing agent, applying the green approach. The phytochemicals present in Fagonia extract are responsible for the creation of GNPs. The reaction kinetics of Fagonia stabilized GNPs (FGNPs) was observed through the optical absorption spectra and the absorption maxima occurred at 547 nm. The face-centered cubic (FCC) nature of the GNPs was analyzed by the XRD pattern and average crystallite size ( D ) was measured about 10 nm. TEM images showed roughly spherical shapes of FGNPs. Evidence of successful formation of FGNPs was revealed by FTIR spectra of pure Fagonia and FGNPs. Fluorescence spectroscopic analysis of FGNPs exhibited a sharp red emission at about 700 nm. TGA technique showed a weight loss of about 19.3% in FGNPs confirming the presence of ligand onto the surface of GNPs. As-synthesized GNPs were investigated for their biomedical application i.e. antimicrobial activities against E. coli and Cocci . The eco-friendly prepared GNPs could play an important role in antimicrobial applications and their visible emission property may suggest the use of such FGNPs as potential biomarkers