69 research outputs found
EHAP-ORAM: Efficient Hardware-Assisted Persistent ORAM System for Non-volatile Memory
Oblivious RAM (ORAM) protected access pattern is essential for secure NVM. In
the ORAM system, data and PosMap metadata are maps in pairs to perform secure
access. Therefore, we focus on the problem of crash consistency in the ORAM
system. Unfortunately, using traditional software-based support for ORAM system
crash consistency is not only expensive, it can also lead to information leaks.
At present, there is no relevant research on the specific crash consistency
mechanism supporting the ORAM system. To support crash consistency without
damaging ORAM system security and compromising the performance, we propose
EHAP-ORAM. Firstly, we analyze the access steps of basic ORAM to obtain the
basic requirements to support the ORAM system crash consistency. Secondly,
improve the ORAM controller. Thirdly, for the improved hardware system, we
propose several persistence protocols supporting the ORAM system crash
consistency. Finally, we compared our persistent ORAM with the system without
crash consistency support, non-recursive and recursive EHAP-ORAM only incurs
3.36% and 3.65% performance overhead. The results show that EHAP-ORAM not only
supports effective crash consistency with minimal performance and hardware
overhead but also is friendly to NVM lifetime
RDMAS: a web server for RNA deleterious mutation analysis
BACKGROUND: The diverse functions of ncRNAs critically depend on their structures. Mutations in ncRNAs disrupting the structures of functional sites are expected to be deleterious. RNA deleterious mutations have attracted wide attentions because some of them in cells result in serious disease, and some others in microbes influence their fitness. RESULTS: The RDMAS web server we describe here is an online tool for evaluating structural deleteriousness of single nucleotide mutation in RNA genes. Several structure comparison methods have been integrated; sub-optimal structures predicted can be optionally involved to mitigate the uncertainty of secondary structure prediction. With a user-friendly interface, the web application is easy to use. Intuitive illustrations are provided along with the original computational results to facilitate quick analysis. CONCLUSION: RDMAS can be used to explore the structure alterations which cause mutations pathogenic, and to predict deleterious mutations which may help to determine the functionally critical regions. RDMAS is freely accessed via
H-ORAM: A Cacheable ORAM Interface for Efficient I/O Accesses
Oblivious RAM (ORAM) is an effective security primitive to prevent access pattern
leakage. By adding redundant memory accesses, ORAM prevents attackers from revealing the
patterns in the access sequences. However, ORAM tends to introduce a huge degradation on the
performance. With growing address space to be protected, ORAM has to store the majority of
data in the lower level storage, which further degrades the system performance.
In this paper, we propose Hybrid ORAM (H-ORAM), a novel ORAM primitive to address
large performance degradation when overflowing the user data to storage. H-ORAM consists of a
batch scheduling scheme for enhancing the memory bandwidth usage, and a novel ORAM
interface that returns data without waiting for the I/O access each time. We evaluate H-ORAM on
a real machine implementation. The experimental results show that that H-ORAM outperforms the
state-of-the-art Path ORAM by 19.8x for a small data set and 22.9x for a large data set
Multi-ancestry genome-wide association study accounting for gene-psychosocial factor interactions identifies novel loci for blood pressure traits
Psychological
and social factors are known to influence blood pressure (BP) and risk
of hypertension and associated cardiovascular diseases. To identify
novel BP loci, we carried out genome-wide association meta-analyses of
systolic, diastolic, pulse, and mean arterial BP, taking into account
the interaction effects of genetic variants with three psychosocial
factors: depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and social support.
Analyses were performed using a two-stage design in a sample of up to
128,894 adults from five ancestry groups. In the combined meta-analyses
of stages 1 and 2, we identified 59 loci (p value < 5e−8), including
nine novel BP loci. The novel associations were observed mostly with
pulse pressure, with fewer observed with mean arterial pressure. Five
novel loci were identified in African ancestry, and all but one showed
patterns of interaction with at least one psychosocial factor.
Functional annotation of the novel loci supports a major role for genes
implicated in the immune response (PLCL2), synaptic function and neurotransmission (LIN7A and PFIA2), as well as genes previously implicated in neuropsychiatric or stress-related disorders (FSTL5 and CHODL).
These findings underscore the importance of considering psychological
and social factors in gene discovery for BP, especially in non-European
populations
Molecular Electrocatalytic Processes in Carbon Nanopipettes
Conductive nanopipettes have been recognized as powerful
multifunctional
platforms for electrochemical sensing applications in confined spaces.
However, the electron-transfer processes of many biological analytes
(i.e., enzymes or proteins) are slow and coupled with chemical reactions,
which have not been well elucidated in conductive nanopipettes. In
this Letter, both experimental and simulation methods are used to
study electron-transfer processes coupled to chemical reactions (EC
mechanism) in carbon nanopipettes (CNPs). It is demonstrated that
the electroactive species can serve as redox mediator to help oxidize
and reduce the nonelectroactive analytes of interest in the solution
and produce noticeable catalytic current signals. Besides, glutathione
was directly measured by using ferrocenemethanol as the redox mediator
in the CNPs. The elucidated EC processes in CNPs would offer a new
opportunity to measure nonelectroactive analytes in biological fields
Current Advances in the Biosynthesis, Metabolism, and Transcriptional Regulation of α-Tomatine in Tomato
Steroid glycoalkaloids (SGAs) are a class of cholesterol-derived metabolites commonly found in the Solanaceae plants. α-Tomatine, a well-known bitter-tasting compound, is the major SGA in tomato, accumulating extensively in all plant tissues, particularly in the leaves and immature green fruits. α-Tomatine exhibits diverse biological activities that contribute to plant defense against pathogens and herbivores, as well as conferring certain medicinal benefits for human health. This review summarizes the current knowledge on α-tomatine, including its molecular chemical structure, physical and chemical properties, biosynthetic and metabolic pathways, and transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. Moreover, potential future research directions and applications of α-tomatine are also discussed
Nanowires sheathed inside nanotubes: Manipulation, properties and applications
AbstractSince the discovery of metals encapsulated into multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs), such sheathed structures attracted extensive interest with respect to the development of various synthetic strategies for producing the unique structure of nanowires sheathed inside nanotubes. The nanowire materials varied from metals to alloys, from semiconductors to insulators, and even metal–semiconductor heterojunctions were tried. In recent years, the studies on these nanostructures have been mainly focused on in-situ manipulation, property analysis and applications. Exploration of on-demand nano-engineering of the regarded structures toward practical device design and fabrication was mainly guided by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) technique combining new capabilities of implementation of atomic force (AFM) or scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) holders, and heating/cooling holders. Such novel in-situ TEM techniques have rapidly developed to a stage where they truly become a very powerful tool for the studies of core/shell nanowire heterostructures. In this review, we summarize the significant developments and achievements in regards of manipulation, property measurements and device applications of inorganic nanowires sheathed inside nanotubes according to different categories of the filling materials, i.e., metals, alloys, compounds and semiconductor–metal heterojunction nanowires. We also highlight the irreplaceable value of in-situ TEM technology in this field, compare different fillings for so-called nanothermometers, discuss mass transportation mechanism in nanotubes, and conclude with an outlook of future developments and challenging issues that are still in the premature stage
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